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What is meant by human anatomy and physiology?

this is the Topic: Artificial Intelligence's Capability to Improve Mental Health Services

The literature review must be organized in a way that makes readers understand the studies you are reporting on because they include a lot of information in a limited amount of space. Two popular methods for doing literature reviews are topical, which groups studies according to a subject or theme, and chronological, which arranges papers in order of publication date. In addition to purposefully selecting a broad framework that suits the writer's subject, the writer should aid readers with headings, include succinct summaries at key points in the review, and use language that clearly identifies the scope of specific studies within the field of inquiry, the studies under review, and the area of the writer's own research. It could be beneficial to ask yourself some of the following questions whether you are editing your own or a peer's literature review:

Concerns Regarding Revision
1) Is the literature review arranged topically or chronologically? Is the author's method of writing the review clearly defined?
2) Does the author make use of headings or paragraph breaks to highlight differences between the study groups that are being examined?
3) Does the author provide a clear relationship to his or her topic to explain why particular study groups (or individual research) are being reviewed?
4) Does the author clearly state which of the mentioned studies are the most significant?
5) Has the author covered every significant field of inquiry into the subject matter?
6) Does the author employ summaries and transitions to smoothly flow from one study or series of studies to the next?

7) Is it evident why the present research is required by the end of the literature review?

also remember this is a draft so you might want to concentrate on the first and last paragraphs. also 400 words minimum 

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True or False: As long as the firm is certain that the return on assets will be higher than the interest rate, an issue of debt makes the shareholders better off. 

True or False: If firms did not have limited liability, their asset risk would be increased.

A firm is considering two mutually exclusive projects, A and B. The projects are

different in that they have different returns depending on general economic conditions. The

firm forecasts that return on the market, and the returns on each project, along with their

associated probabilities will be given by the following table. You can assume a 5% risk free

rate and a 6% market risk premium. Assume the CAPM holds. Compare the expected

returns to the cost of capital for each project and decide which project the firm should choose.

Extreme Recession

Moderate Recession

Normal

Moderate Growth

Extreme Growth

Pr[economic condition]

15%

20%

30%

20%

15%

Return on the market

-12%

0%

12%

24%

36%

Return on project A

-35%

2%

10%

20%

20%

Return on project B

-9%

0%

12%

22%

28%

COST OF CAPITAL FOR PROJECT A ACROSS CONDITIONS =

COST OF CAPITAL FOR PROJECT B ACROSS CONDITIONS =

Which project  should  firm choose  and why?

Your firm is considering a new three-year project. You know that the

unlevered cost of equity for firms with a similar risk as your target is 8%. At the end of the

project, all available funds are distributed to equity and debt holders. Use the following

financial statements to answer the questions on the next page:

Year

0

1

2

3

Income statement

Sales

$175,000

$175,000

$175,000

COGS

$26,250

$26,250

$26,250

Depreciation

$100,000

$100,000

$100,000

EBIT

$48,750

$48,750

$48,750

Interest payment on debt

$9,000

$9,000

$9,000

Profit Before tax

$39,750

$39,750

$39,750

Taxes

$21,863

$21,863

$21,863

Profit after tax

$17,888

$17,888

$17,888

Dividends

$17,888

$17,888

$17,888

Retained earnings

$0

$0

$0

Balance Sheet

Cash and Mark. Sec.

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

Current Assets

$0

$0

$0

$0

Fixed Assets

   At cost

$300,000

$300,000

$300,000

$300,000

   Acc. Depreciation

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

   Net Fixed Assets

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0

Total Assets

$300,000

$300,000

$300,000

$300,000

Current liabilities

$0

$0

$0

$0

Debt

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

Stock

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

Acc. Ret. Earn.

$0

$0

$0

$0

Total liab.and equity

$300,000

$300,000

$300,000

$300,000

1. a) How large an equity investment does the project require upfront?

1. b) How much equity is recovered at the end of the project?

1. c) Show the cash to and from equity holders for the entire project. Don’t forget

about dividends, initial, and terminal equity flows. Actual cash, not free cash flow!

Year

0

1

2

3

Total cash flows to equity

1. d) Based on the cash flows in part c, what is the IRR for the equity holders?

1. e) What is the present value of the tax shield for this three-year project?

Remember, this is not a perpetuity, it’s a three-year project.

1. f) Is this a good project for shareholders?

) Consider a firm that is financed THREE ways: common equity, preferred equity, and long term debt. The firm is considering replacing all of the machinery in its Cleveland plant. They have more than enough cash on hand to pay for the project without raising

external capital. Some relevant information about the firm is given below. Based on all THREE sources of funding, what cost of capital should the firm use to evaluate the project?

Stock Price (Common Shares)

$                    15

Number of common shares outstanding

$ 5,000,000

Equity beta (for common stock)

2.5

Stock Price (Preferred Shares)

$                      8

Number of preferred shares outstanding

$ 10,000,000

Dividends per share on preferred stock

$1.00

Market value of Total Debt outstanding

$      50,000,000

Yield to maturity on the firm's long term debt

6.5%

Coupon rate on the firms long term debt

2%

Coupon tax ratae

35%

Risk-free rate

4.5%

Market Risk Premium

5.5%

A protective collar involves buying an out-of-the-money put and writing an out-

of-the-money call on an underlying asset that you own. Let’s say you own an S&P 500 index

security that is currently trading at $30/share. You bought the index at $10 per share so you

currently have a big capital gain. You don’t want to sell your shares, but you want to lock in

your profits with a protective collar for the next year. You want to make sure you can sell

your shares for at least $29/share. The standard deviation of returns on the S&P 500 is 20%

and the assume risk free rate is 2%.

1. a) How much would it cost to buy the put?

1. b) What strike price should you set on the call so that you make the same premium that you paid for the put (zero net cost)?

1. c) Draw the net profit diagram for the entire protective collar position (long stock,  long put, short call) at maturity (including the premiums). Carefully label in detail all axis, strike prices, payoffs, etc.

Drayton McLane sold the Astros a few years back for about $645 Million. (You

can assume he sold it at the end of 2011). He originally purchased the team at the end of

1992 for $117 million. Back in 1992 the S&P 500 stock market index was at about $30 and it

was about $120 at the end of 2011 (adjusted for splits and dividends). You can assume the

yield on treasuries was about 4% over the period and the expected market risk premium was

5.5%. Also, forget about any other cash flows from ownership rights, franchise fees,

subsidies for the stadium etc. Assume the whole deal was 100% equity. Based on the

purchase and sale price, was it a good deal?

The Weston Enchilada Company has a levered equity beta of 0.8. The company is

thinking about getting into the Whataburger business. Currently, Weston Enchilada is

financed with 50% long-term debt. The debt is risk free and pays 4% interest before taxes. A

little research suggests that the Whataburger business is expected to yield 16% on after-tax

total operating cash flows. For comparison, another Whataburger in town has an equity beta

of 2.5 but has 20% debt in its capital structure. You can assume that the market return is

12%, marginal tax rates on everything are 35% and the new project would be financed with

50% debt. Find the WACC for the new Whataburger venture and decide what Weston

Enchilada should do?

Consider two ways of getting a mortgage on a house worth $750,000. You plan to

make a down payment of $300,000 at closing. You need to borrow the rest of the $450,000.

The first option is a 15 year fixed-rate mortgage at a 5.25% effective annual interest rate

(assume monthly compounding with 12 payments per year to get a monthly interest rate).

In the second option, you can “buy” a lower effective annual interest rate of 4.5% by paying

the bank an additional $25,000 cash at closing (also assume 12 monthly payments over the

year with monthly compounding). You are still borrowing $450,000, but now you are paying

an additional $25,000 in cash up front at origination (this is commonly called paying “points”

on a mortgage). All other costs are the same under both options.

1. a) Using the monthly interest rate over 180 payments, what would your monthly

payment be under the first scenario?

1. b) Using the monthly interest rate over 180 payments, what would be your

monthly payment under the second scenario?

1. c) Show which option is better.

"What are the potential long-term consequences of ongoing climate change on global ecosystems and human societies, and what actions can be taken on a global scale to mitigate these effects?"