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General Chemistry Lecture I
Syracuse University
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W. Zheng

J. French

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CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Compressible Flow, Spectroscopy, Chemical Property

Chemistry: the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and energy and the changes that matter undergoes. Matter: anything that occupi

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Boiling Point

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Compressible Flow, Chemical Reaction, Chemical Change

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Chemical Energy, Thermodynamics

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Significant Figures, Scientific Notation

Precision: refers to the closeness that a set of values are away from each other. Accuracy: refers to the closeness that a set of values are away from

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Chemical Property, Physical Property, Combustibility And Flammability

Chemistry refers to the study of composition, structure and properties of matter and energy. Matter: this is a substance that has mass and occupies spa

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Scanning Tunneling Microscope, Atomic Number, Nuclide

All matter is composed of indivisible atoms. An atom is a small particle of matter that retains its identity during reactions. Scanning tunneling micro

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Significant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, Scientific Notation

Precision: refers to the closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quantity. Accuracy: refers to the closeness of a sing

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Ernest Marsden, Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger

Atomic theory first speculated in 400 bc by democritus. Chemical reaction: consists of the rearrangements of atoms in a reacting substance to create ne

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Dmitri Mendeleev, Alkali Metal, Semimetal

Isotopes: atoms of same element with different masses (same number of protons, differing neutrons) Fractional abundance: fraction of a sample of atoms

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Roman Numerals, Ion

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Chemical Equation, Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry: calculation of quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction; based on balanced chemical equation and relationshi

CHE 106 Lecture 10: CHE 106: Solutions & Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

CHE 106 Lecture 11: CHE 106: Percipitation Reaction & Net Ionic Equations

CHE 106 Lecture 12: CHE 106: Acid-Base Reaction

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Ionic Compound, Strong Electrolyte, Molecular Mass

Molecular weight: sum of atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule of substance. Formula weight: sum of atomic weights of all atoms in one formula unit

CHE 106 Lecture 13: Acid Base Strength & Neutralization

CHE 106 Lecture 14: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Chemical Equation, Strong Electrolyte, Ionic Compound

Writing net ionic equations: write balanced molecular equation, dissociate strong electrolytes to write a complete ionic equation, write net ionic equa

CHE 106 Lecture 15: Molarity & Common Redox

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Oxidation State, Redox, Oxidizing Agent

Oxidation: oxidation number increases; reduction: oxidation number decreases (remember: oxidation is loss of electrons; reduction is gain of electrons)

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Enthalpy, Chemical Equation, Conversion Of Units

Chapter 5, sections 3 & 4, lecture 15. When energy is exchanged between the system and the surroundings, it is exchanged as either heat (q) or work

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Electric Potential Energy, International System Of Units, Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics: the science of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. Thermochemistry: the study of the quantity of heat absorbed or

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Calcium Chloride, Molar Mass, Chemical Equation

CHE 106 Lecture 16: Chapter 5 Thermodynamics

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Electric Potential, Internal Energy, Thermodynamics

Volumetric analysis: convert liters to moles using molarity, convert to moles of desired substance, convert to volume from moles. Thermodynamics: relat

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Joule, Chemical Equation, Enthalpy

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Bond-Dissociation Energy, Bromine, Joule

An enthalpy of formation, h f , is defined as the enthalpy change for the reaction in which a compound is made from its constituent elements in their e

CHE 106 Lecture 17: Enthalpy

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Electromagnetic Spectrum, Quantum Mechanics, Photon

Electronic structure: the arrangement and energy of electrons. Quantum mechanics: describe what"s happening on the atomic size scale. A wave is continu

CHE 106 Lecture 18: Calorimetry

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Heat Capacity, Calorimetry

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Enthalpy, Joule

Lecture 17 made from its constituent elements in elemental forms. Enthalpy of formation: defined as enthalpy change for reaction in which a compound is

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Photon, Louis De Broglie, Niels Bohr

Lecture 19: chapter 6, sections 3 & 4. Light spectra, bohr model, wave behavior of matter. The majority of the mass of the atom was concentrated in

CHE 106 Lecture 19: Enthalpy of Formation

CHE 106 Lecture 20: Lecture 20: Chapter 6: Section 5 -7

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Planck Constant, Radiant Energy, Radiography

Radiant energy: radiation that carries energy through space. Types of electromagnetic radiation: radio waves, x-rays infared radiation (heat) All move

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Niels Bohr, Emission Spectrum, Continuous Spectrum

Rutherford gold leaf: alpha particles pass through foil, some deflected at large angles; most of mass of atom concentrated in center. Prior to niels bo

CHE 106 Lecture 22: Chapter 7: Sections 1-3

CHE 106 Lecture 22: CHE 106 Lecture 20: Quantum Mechanics: electron orbitals

Exciting the electron: absorbs energy, jumps up a level. Change in color shows electron jumping: color corresponds to certain energy level. Excited sta

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Electron Configuration, Aufbau Principle

CHE 106 Lecture 23: Lecture 23, Chapter 7, Sections 4-7

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Superoxide

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Effective Nuclear Charge, Atomic Radius, Periodic Trends

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Benzene

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Electron Affinity, Electron Configuration

CHE 106 Lecture 26: Lecture 26- Chapter 8, Sections 3&4

CHE 106 Lecture 27: Lecture 27- Chapter 8, Sections 5-7

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Electron Affinity, Polonium, Tellurium

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Noble Gas, Electron Affinity, Lattice Energy

Group 8a: noble gases: huge ionization energy, positive electron affinity, unreactive, monatomic gases, filled orbitals. Ionic bonds: electrostatic att

CHE 106 Lecture 28: Lecture 28- Chapter 8, Sections 7&8

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Covalent Bond, Lattice Energy, Electron Configuration

Lattice energy: heat of formation from 1 mol of its ionic constituents in the gas phase. Heat of formation: of a crystal, , can be measured relative to

CHE 106 Lecture 29: Lecture 29- Chapter 9, Sections 1&2

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Lone Pair, Octet Rule, Nonmetal

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Hypervalent Molecule, Bond Order, Covalent Bond

CHE 106 Lecture 32: Lecture 29 (32)

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 34: Valence Bond Theory, Covalent Bond, Vsepr Theory

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Sigma Bond, Pi Bond, Vsepr Theory

Vsepr: number of bonds formed by an atom=unpaired electrons, exception: carbon (2 unpaired electrons, form 4 bonds) Hybrid orbitals: form by mixing of

CHE 106 Lecture 36: CHE 106 Notes Lecture 32 (36)

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 40: Pressure Measurement, Barometer, Torr

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 41: Combined Gas Law, Ideal Gas Law, Gas Constant

CHE 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 42: Chemical Equation, Dimensional Analysis, Atom