First, transcribe the adult pronunciation in IPA. Second, identity the specific phonetic processes in each of the following child pronunciations. There may be more than one process applied to each word.

 

Word

Adult

Child

Processes

 

pronunciation

 

(a) Sky

[kaj]

 

(b) Laugh

[wæp]

 

(c) Twig

[tɪk]

 

(d) Knife

[majp]

 

(e) Leg

[ɡɛk]

 

In this activity you will transcribe a sequence of DNA into RNA and translate this sequence into the amino acids that form a protein. You will go through the process of Protein Synthesis to determine what protein is being made. The sequence is given below along with instructions for the assignment and some short discussion questions.

DNA is the genetic material in the nucleus of cells and contains the instructions for all of the processes of your body. DNA is double stranded and made of nucleotides that contain one of four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine. DNA is very important and therefore does. not leave the nucleus. This is why mRNA is created.

RNA is transcribed from DNA in short segments so that it can leave the nucleus. This short, segment that is copied from DNA uses the same complementary nucleotides as DNA but in place of thymine it codes a nucleotide called uracil. The RNA goes through some cutting and splicing before leaving the nucleus as mRNA. The strand of mRNA now has only the coding portions spliced together.

The mRNA leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm and floats around until it connects with a ribosome. The ribosome attaches to the 5-prime end of the mRNA. The ribosome reads the mRNA in sets of 3 nucleotides called a codon. Each codon corresponds to an amino acid. As the ribosome reads a codon, tRNAs bring in the corresponding amino acid. The ribosome then attaches the amino acids in a chain as it reads the mRNA and creates a string of amino acids called a protein. There are specific codons to signal start and stop that say when a protein is complete.

You will transcribe a strand of DNA into RNA and then translate this RNA sequence into amino acids that form a protein. Your submission will be of the original DNA strand, the transcribed RNA, and the actual protein chain of amino acids.