Question 1:

When extracting DNA from kiwi cells, which DNA do you extract? From which cells DNA can be extracted? Can the cell type differ, whether you need mtDNA or nuclear DNA?

Question 1:

Fill in the answers about the gene structure in eukaryotes:

1. Regulatory DNA sequences which by bounding with transcription factors promote associated gene expression = ?

2. Noncoding DNA sequence within the open reading frame = ?

3. Signal, which promote downstream transcriptional termination = ?

4. The last codon on the coding strand of DNA = ?

Question 2: 

How do you distinguish between metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes? Why is it important? 

Question 3:

When extracting DNA from kiwi cells, which DNA do you extract? From which cells DNA can be extracted? Can the cell type differ, whether you need mtDNA or nuclear DNA?

You treat some cells with a proteolytic enzyme that is too largeto penetrate the cell membrane (Set 1). Another group of cells ismade permeable before treatment with the enzyme (Set 2). A thirdset of cells was not treated with the enzyme at all (controls).Proteins are then extracted from the three different sets of cellsand applied to an SDS-PAGE gel. Protein W migrates to the samedistance on a gel of proteins from Set 1 and Set 2; Protein Wmigrates a shorter distance on gels of proteins extracted from thecontrol group than on gels of proteins extracted from Set 1 and Set2 treated cells. Protein X migrates to the same distance on a gelof proteins from control cells and the gels of the proteins fromSet 1 and Set 2. Protein Y migrates a longer distance whenextracted from Set 1 cells than does protein Y in the controls;Protein Y moves an even larger distance in the gel of the extractsfrom Set 2. Protein Z migrates the same distance on gels ofproteins from the controls and the proteins extracted from Set 1,but it migrates a longer distance in extracts from Set 2 cells.

A. Draw a figure to represent what this question is asking.Label where each protein should be located in the membrane.

B. Which protein is exposed only on the exterior of thecell?

C. Which protein in the question above is likely to be burriedwithin the membrane?

In recent years, scientists have mapped the nuclear genome ofthe Dodo bird, by extracting DNA from a 20,000- and 60,000-year-oldDodo feather. This extinct diploid possessed a haploid (n) numberof 18. What is the number of nuclear DNA molecules present in theDodo bird cell for each of these scenarios:

a. At the end of Telophase of mitosis

b. At the end of Telophase I of meiosis

c. At the end of Telophase II of meiosis

d. Metaphase of mitosis

e. Metaphase I of meiosis