Question 1:

Fill in the answers about the gene structure in eukaryotes:

1. Regulatory DNA sequences which by bounding with transcription factors promote associated gene expression = ?

2. Noncoding DNA sequence within the open reading frame = ?

3. Signal, which promote downstream transcriptional termination = ?

4. The last codon on the coding strand of DNA = ?

Question 2: 

How do you distinguish between metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes? Why is it important? 

Question 3:

When extracting DNA from kiwi cells, which DNA do you extract? From which cells DNA can be extracted? Can the cell type differ, whether you need mtDNA or nuclear DNA?

Region which lies upstream of thetranslation start site contains the Shine Dalgarno sequence

Sequence added to the 3' end of thepre-mRNA which affects mRNA stability

Establishes the reading frame andspecifies the first amino acid of the protein chain

DNA sequence that the transcriptionapparatus recognizes and binds to initiate transcription

Expressed sequences of DNA that arenot removed during alternative splicing

Signals the end of translation andthe protein molecule

Group of three nucleotides that codefor an amino acid

Site begins the coding region of thegene and is located 25-30 nucleotides downstream of the TATAbox

Non-coding sequences of DNA thatintervene within coding regions of a gene

10 Ribosome binding site ineukaryotes; functions in the initiation of translation and mRNAstability

A sequence which lies downstream ofthe coding region of the gene; determines the location of the 3'cleavage site in the pre-mRNA molecule

Sequence of nucleotides at the 3' endof the mRNA that is not translated into protein; affects thetranslation and stability of the mRNA molecule

5' untranslated region

AAUAAA consensus sequence

Promoter

Transcription start site

3' untranslated region

Introns

Initiation codon (AUG)

Poly(A) tail

5' cap

Termination codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)

Exons

Sense codon