Question

Lack's model for clutch size evolution predicts the optimalnumber of offspring in a clutch as those which produce the mostoffspring. However, experiments often demonstrate that organisms donot produce the predicted optimal clutch size because:

A.	his assumption that offspring receive equal parental investmentis often not met.
	B.	his model assumes that there are no carry-over costs amongreproductive events, yet early reproductive investment can affectfuture reproductive success.
	C.	his model uses offspring survival as a measure of fitness whichmay be less important in the long run than, for example, thequality of those offspring.
	D.	tests of his model often use approaches like adding eggs tonest, which may underestimate the true cost of increasesreproductive investment.
	E.	All of the above.

A.

his assumption that offspring receive equal parental investmentis often not met.

B.

his model assumes that there are no carry-over costs amongreproductive events, yet early reproductive investment can affectfuture reproductive success.

C.

his model uses offspring survival as a measure of fitness whichmay be less important in the long run than, for example, thequality of those offspring.

D.

tests of his model often use approaches like adding eggs tonest, which may underestimate the true cost of increasesreproductive investment.

E.

All of the above.