All of the following statements about design controls are true except:

a. They help ensure that a product’s design is reproducible and traceable, and is proven to be both safe and effective.

b. They are often one of the first elements of a quality system that young companies address.

c. They must include the creation of standard operating procedures.

d. They provide a mechanism for management to exercise appropriate control over early design work.

all of the following statements about speciation are true except

OR

Write a short note on speciation.

Help with the following:

The following experiment is meant to be designed by you with thebeans provided in the kit! You will design and execute anexperiment to test several factors that influence seed germination.Whatever your experimental design, be sure to include controls,both positive and negative, and make sure it is reproducible!.

Procedure

1. Think of 10 - 20 variables that may affect seed germination.Record them in Table 5.
2. From your list of variables in Table 5, select three to test.Form a hypothesis for why each affects seed germination.
3. To germinate the beans, place one folded paper towel, moistenedbut not soaking wet, into the 5 by 8 in. bag. Place 10 beans in ahorizontal line on the paper towel.
4. Use a different prepared bag for each variable tested. Labeleach bag with the variable being tested.
5. Hang each bag using masking tape in the environment youselect.
6. Create a table for your data, including title, units, and anyother useful information.
7. Select the appropriate type of graph, and report the data youcollected.
8. Write a lab report for this experiment.

If you are going to trust the results that you get from an experiment, you have to ensure that: 1. You know what will happen under baseline, or standard conditions (a negative control); and 2. Your results are measurable, if you get them using a predictable and reliable way (a positive control). Some experiments require multiple controls of each general type to be truly informative. Specific definitions for specific controls are dependent on each, unique experiment.

So, if you were designing an experiment to see if an organism was genetically modified, what kind of controls would you include to ensure your results told you something you could trust? Why? What do each of those controls tell you?