21. What is the name of the part of the stomach attached to the esophagus?

[A] Fundus
[B] Pylorus
[C] Duodenum
[D] Cardia

1. Describe how the muscularis externa varies among the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. List any features of this layer that are unique to each part of the GI tract.

2. List two ways in which the layers of the esophagus differ from that of the stomach and intestines.

1. Which organ is responsible for balancing the amount ofglucose floating around in the blood? (it stores excess glucosewhen there is too much and releases glucose into the bloodstreamwhen there isn't enough)

Select one:

a. liver

b. pancreas

c. spleen

d. stomach

2. The gastrointstinal tract has 4 basic layers. Which layer isthe one that comes in contact with the food that you eat?

Select one:

a. serosa

b. submucosa

c. muscularis

d. mucosa

3. Which digestive organ contains 3 layers of muscle tissue inthe muscularis?

Select one:

a. esophagus

b. large intestine

c. stomach

d. anus

4.

The esophagus is the first organ in the digestive tract thatsecretes digestive enzymes to begin the chemical (molecular)breakdown of food.

Select one:

True

False

5.

Gastric ulcers are often caused by bacterial infection.

Select one:

True

False

6.

Lactose intolerance causes gas, bloating and stomach achesbecause undigested sugar molecules, called lactose, end up gettingdigested by bacteria in the intestines. When they digest it, theyproduce lots of gases.

Select one:

True

False

7. The lower esophageal sphincter prevents food in the stomachfrom backing up into the esophagus.

Since the esophagus is not equipped to handle the harsh acids inthe stomach, when food (mixed with stomach acids) does back up intothe esophagus, you get symptoms such as heart burn. This is calledgastroesophageal reflux (or "reflux").

When reflux is left untreated for many years, the person becomesa trisk for esophageal cancer. This is because the esophagus gets"burned" by the acids over and over again which can eventuallytrigger the development of cancerous cells.

Select one:

True

False

8.

Peristalsis is defined as the rhythmic contractions of thedigestive system that pushes food along the digestive tract.

Select one:

True

False

1) List five evolutionary advancements that have contributed to the success of mammals.

2) Number the following organs that represents the correct path of food through the digestive tract of a mammal:

Anus/ Ileum/ Stomach/ duodenum/ mouth/ jejunum/ esophagus/ rectum/ colon/ cecum

3) What is the adaptive value of an extremely long digestive tract?

4) What is the primary evolutionary reason for mammals to develop and house their lungs inside the body cavity?