Question 6 of 10

Which is a result of a seasonal change (meaning a change that happens over and over at a certain time of year)?

◯ A. Bears hibernating in a cave during cold periods

◯ B. Fish moving away from a polluted area of a stream

◯ C. Grass growing quickly after a rainstorm

◯ D. Raccoons fleeing a forest fire

Question 192 pts

We have used the the community of Monteverde, Costa Rica as a case study of conservation and development in the tropics. Monteverde is a farming community founded in 1951 by twelve Quaker families from Fairhope, Alabama.

During the first 30 years of its existence the community relied on dairy farming and the harvesting of forest products. What was the economy based on during this first 30 years?

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Question 202 pts

How do GDP (gross domestic product) estimates differ from GPI (genuine progress indicator) estimates for a country?

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Question 212 pts

Recently, 10 states in India have reported arsenic contamination of their groundwater from industry and mining. This is an example of:

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Question 222 pts

What is the primary cause of yearly oscillations in carbon dioxide levels first observed by Charles Keeling at Mauna Loa observatory?

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Question 232 pts

We have used the community of Monteverde, Costa Rica as a case study of conservation and development in the tropics. Monteverde is a farming community founded in 1951 by twelve Quaker families from Fairhope, Alabama.

Why did the founders originally decide to protect and preserve 1/3 of their initial land purchase?

Will rate when all are answered.

Please help answer both parts of the question with full detail.Will give good rating.

a) Contrary to what we may have grown up learning, only smallanimals hibernate (not completely true…black bears are now believedto hibernate, however it’s a different mechanism than smallanimals-more on this later in the semester). Hibernation occurswhen an animal lowers its metabolic rate below it’sBMR.

Lets explore this relationship between hibernation and bodysize, by considering stored energy and the rate of energymetabolism (utilization). Here, you will calculate whetherhibernation is necessary by comparing a 1200 pound polar bear and a1.5 pound grey squirrel (like those living here in Columbus). Wecan compare how long each could survive during a winter fast ifthey used only body fat as their energy source, and do nothibernate (which requires a drop in metabolism below the BMR). Theweight-specific Basal metabolic rate (BMR) of mammals is 4.46M^-0.30 when expressed in units ofmLO₂consumed per gram of body tissue perhour and (importantly) weight is calculated ingrams. For this simple estimate, you may use BMR, but keepin mind that small animals have a larger increase in metabolismwith temperature than large animals. Calculate how long each animalcould survive on stored fat equal to 20% of its total body weight(this is a fairly reasonable fat amount found in both squirrels andbears in nature). Make sure you keep all units very clear duringthis calculation, there are many steps.

Potentially useful information:

The value of energy content of fat is 9.3 kCal per gram of fatand 2.0 L of O₂ are consumed per gram of fatmetabolized. There are 5280 feet in a mile, and 1.0 foot = 0.3048meters. One calorie = 4.184 joules. One pound (lb) = 454 grams andone ounce is 28.375 grams.

b) Given your results, what do you think might be the potentialsolutions for a) squirrels and b) polar bears for surviving throughthe winter (keeping in mind that food is scarce so they can’t juststay awake and look for food!) This should only be a FEWsentences!

How would a shift in land use from forest to agriculture affect atmospheric carbon dioxide?

Select one:

a. It would have no effect.

b. It would result in a large release of CO₂.

c. It would result in a decrease in release of CO₂.

d. Neither forests nor crops contribute significantly to atmospheric carbon dioxide.

2.

The sawtooth pattern of increasing and decreasing carbon dioxide concentrations observed by Charles Keeling at Mauna Loa Observatory was a result of:

Select one:

a. increased burning of fossil fuels during the winter in the northern hemisphere.

b. seasonal changes in photosynthesis and respiration, particularly in northern hemisphere ecosystems.

c. the Kyoto Treaty and other global efforts to limit carbon dioxide emissions.

d. errors caused by monitoring instruments.