4. Cellular respiration uses two different mechanisms to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Briefly describe each of these processes:
Substrate-level phosphorylation:
ATP synthase:
Which stage/s of cellular respiration use which mechanism to make ATP?
5. The functioning of ATP synthase requires a proton (H+) gradient. Answer the following questions about this proton gradient.
What membrane separates the area of high proton concentration from the area of low proton concentration?
Can protons move easily through a phospholipid bilayer? Why or why not?
What process forms the proton gradient? Explain briefly.
Formation of a gradient requires input energy. What molecules provide the input energy for the formation of this particular gradient? What process generated these high-energy molecules? Explain briefly.
6. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
4. Cellular respiration uses two different mechanisms to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Briefly describe each of these processes:
Substrate-level phosphorylation:
ATP synthase:
Which stage/s of cellular respiration use which mechanism to make ATP?
5. The functioning of ATP synthase requires a proton (H+) gradient. Answer the following questions about this proton gradient.
What membrane separates the area of high proton concentration from the area of low proton concentration?
Can protons move easily through a phospholipid bilayer? Why or why not?
What process forms the proton gradient? Explain briefly.
Formation of a gradient requires input energy. What molecules provide the input energy for the formation of this particular gradient? What process generated these high-energy molecules? Explain briefly.
6. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
