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1. _____ Females that reproduce sexually versus asexually are said to incur a “two-fold cost of sexual reproduction.” Which of the following costs are associated with sexual reproduction for females?

A) MALES! That do-nothing lot really does not directly contribute offspring to the next generation. Females would be better off making all daughters.

B) FEMALES! In most natural settings, those daughters compete with their mothers for potential mates and resources needed to successfully reproduce.

C) MITOSIS! Since sexual reproduction can produce many more offspring than asexual reproduction, there are energetic costs associated with the mitotic divisions required to produce those offspring.

D) MEIOSIS! Every time a gamete is produced, the parent loses a little bit of itself. Half to be precise since only half of its genes are passed on to sexually produced offspring.

E) DIVERSITY! Mothers maximize fitness if all offspring are genetically just like them. Sexual reproduction causes genetic diversity, which ultimately lowers the fitness of both parents.

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Hubert Koch
Hubert KochLv2
7 May 2018
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Related questions

Just to keep you in practice, a couple of the much beloved multiple multiple choice…

1. An increase in CO2 levels in the blood directly or indirectly causes which of the following?

A) an increases in ventilation rate

B) a decrease in the pH

C) a decrease in hemoglogin’s binding affinity for O2

D) a decrease in the O2 levels in the blood

E) an immediate increase in the number of red blood cells found in the blood stream

2. _____ Females that reproduce sexually versus asexually are said to incur a “two-fold cost of sexual reproduction.” Which of the following costs are associated with sexual reproduction for females?

A) MALES! That do-nothing lot really does not directly contribute offspring to the next generation. Females would be better off making all daughters.

B) FEMALES! In most natural settings, those daughters compete with their mothers for potential mates and resources needed to successfully reproduce.

C) MITOSIS! Since sexual reproduction can produce many more offspring than asexual reproduction, there are energetic costs associated with the mitotic divisions required to produce those offspring.

D) MEIOSIS! Every time a gamete is produced, the parent loses a little bit of itself. Half to be precise since only half of its genes are passed on to sexually produced offspring.

E) DIVERSITY! Mothers maximize fitness if all offspring are genetically just like them. Sexual reproduction causes genetic diversity, which ultimately lowers the fitness of both parents.

Cells produced in the incision-healing process in the cat’s abdomen would be ____ the other cells on her abdomen.

a) half the size of

b) haploid versions of

c) genetically different from

d) genetically identical to

During the same visit, your veterinarian recommended that your cat also receive a vaccination for feline distemper. This vaccine stimulated the cat’s immune system to produce which one or more of the following?

a) antigens b) memory cells c) antibodies d) antibiotics e) both b & c

[1] The male elephant seal (l) is much larger than the female (r) of the species. Males spend very little time raising their young. You would correctly predict that the male’s size is due primarily to _________ and that he is ___________in his mating habits.

a) natural selection; monogamous

b) sexual selection; polygamous

c) natural selection; polygamous

d) sexual selection; monogamous

[2] The Good Genes Hypothesis would account for which of the following characteristics of males that attract the most females?

a) Peacock tails, which prevent males from seeing behind them when they court

b) Sailfin molly, a dorsal-finned fish, which are enormous and easily spotted by predators

c) Guppy tailfins, which reduce their swimming speed.

d) Gray tree frogs, that call the longest and produce offspring that mature quickest

e) Fish that produce bright colors, yet have very weak immune systems.

[3] In mice, a recessive autosomal allele (o) results in obesity because the mice are unable to produce the hormone leptin from their fat cells.Normal mice with the dominant allele (O) do produce leptin. Homozygous recessive (oo) obese mice injected with leptin are observed to lose weight.

In a cross between two mice that are heterozygous for the obesity gene (Oo), you would predict which one of the following?

a) All the offspring will be obese.

b) All the offspring will be normal.

c) 50% of offspring will be able to produce leptin.

d) Obese offspring would eat less and burn more calories if injected with leptin.

e) Fat cells in obese mice release more leptin than those of their normal parents.

[4] A scientist discovers a new mutant mouse that he calls “Chunky” because they are 80% heavier than normal mice. Which one or more of the following predictions would be correct?

a) Chunky mice could have the “dd” genotype.

b) Normal mice produce more thyroxin (thyroid hormone) than Chunky mice.

c) Glycolysis would occur more rapidly in Chunky mice than normal mice.

d) A protein that blocks leptin receptors would promote weight loss in all Chunky mice.

e) Both (a) & (b) are correct.

[5] When she was 6 months old, your cat was surgically altered so that they could not reproduce. This required a small incision into the cat’s abdomen to remove the ovaries. This incision healed by a type of cell division called ______.

a) endocytosis b) meiosis c) mitosis d) exocytosis e) fusion

[6] Cells produced in the incision-healing process in the cat’s abdomen would be ____ the other cells on her abdomen.

a) half the size of

b) haploid versions of

c) genetically different from

d) genetically identical to

[7] During the same visit, your veterinarian recommended that your cat also receive a vaccination for feline distemper. This vaccine stimulated the cat’s immune system to produce which one or more of the following?

a) antigens b) memory cells c) antibodies d) antibiotics e) both b & c

How did the imagery of witches flying upon broomsticks originate? Historians have found evidence that some medieval European “drug cults” included women who would prepare a potion by grinding up belladonna plants into an extract. Known as an anesthetic and muscle relaxant, this extract was applied using long sticks on the skin for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. The resulting symptoms included slowed breathing, dilated pupils, heavy eyelids, and a delirious sensation of flying.

[8] If one of these “witches” wanted to counteract her shallow breathing and muscular weakness, you might recommend that she use …

a) botulinum toxin--an inhibitor of the release of acetylcholine.

b) calabar beans that contain an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.

c) a frog toxin that keeps the sodium ion (Na+) channels of the axon stuck opened.

d) curare, which blocks acetylcholine binding to post-synaptic muscle cells.

e) oubain, a plant toxin which inhibits the Na+/ K+ATPase pump.

After running around, a dog lies down to rest. Which of the following does not describe the flow of heat?

a. The dog loses heat by conduction to the warmer ground.
b. The dog loses heat by the evaporation through panting.
c. The dog loses heat by convection to the wind.
d. The dog gains heat by the radiation from the sun.
e. The dog generates heat by respiration.

What is the smallest number of DNA nucleotide sequence changes that must occur to cause a change in one amino acid in a particular protein?

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 64

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