NURS 2004 Chapter Notes - Chapter 84: Piperacillin, Cell Envelope, Beta-Lactamase
28 Jan 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Chapter 84:drugs that weaken the bacterial cell wall i: penicillin"s. Penicillin"s weaken the bacterial cell wall, causing lysis and death. Some bacteria resist penicillin"s by producing penicillinases and enzymes that inactivate penicillin"s. Gram-neg bacteria are resistant to penicillin"s that cannot penetrate the gram-neg cell envelope. The principle adverse effect is allergic reaction, which can range from rash to life threatening anaphylaxis. Patients allergic to one penicillin should be considered cross-allergic to all other penicillin"s. They also have a 1% chance of cross-reaction to cephalosporin"s. Vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin are safe and effective alternatives for pts with penicillin allergy. Penicillin"s are normally eliminated rapidly by the kidneys, but can accumulate to harmful levels if renal function is severely impaired. The principal differences among the penicillin"s is related to the antimicrobial spectrum, stability of stomach acid and duration of action. Penicillin g has a narrow antimicrobial spectrum and is unstable in stomach acid.
