NURS 2004 Chapter Notes - Chapter 85: Side Effects Of Penicillin, Tachycardia, Hypotension
28 Jan 2017
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Document Summary
Beta-lactam antibiotics similar in structure and action to penicillin. Are bactericidal against a broad spectrum of pathogens. High risk: contraindicated for those with cephalosporin allergy or severe penicillin allergys. Dosages for all (except ceftriaxone) should be reduced with significant renal impairment. Moa: bind to penicillin binding proteins (pbp) and disrupt cell wall synthesis and activates autolysins, resulting in damage to the cell wall, most effective against cells underdoing active growth and division. Resistance: the principal cause of cephalosporin resistance is the production of beta- lactamases, enzymes that cleave the beta-lactam ring, thereby rendering these drugs inactive, 3rd, 4th, and 5th are more resistant than the 1st and 2nd. Low access to cerebrospinal fluid: second generation. Enhanced activity against gram negative bacteria: third generation. Nosocomial infections; gram-neg; resistant to other common antibiotics. Better access to cerebrospinal fluid: fourth generation cefepime (maxipime ) Very broad spectrum: fifth generation ceftaroline (teflaro )
