Biochemistry 2280A Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Intermembrane Space, Coenzyme Q10, Flavin Group

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30 Apr 2018

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Biochemistry 2280 – Midterm

Electron Transport

Describe the overview of the figure to the right

- NADH and FADH2 come from the citric acid cycle

- give their electrons up because they don't want them

- these electrons reduce oxygen to make water in the end

- energetically favourable process

- this is how we pump protons into the intermembrane space

- the NAD+ and FAD go back to the citric acid cycle

Describe the five types of electron carriers found in the mitochondrial electron transport chain

Flavins

• lowest affinity for electrons

• ring can accept two electrons (along with two protons)

• much like nicotinamide in NADH

- this is why FADH2 is very similar

- these are attached to the protons they’re working with,

though (NADH are free to float)

Ion-sulfur centres

• each centre can accept one electron

• different types exist

• spends most of the time in Fe3+ state

Ubiquinone

• lipid that freely diffuses in the membrane

• also called Q

• accepts two electrons (one at a time)

• the green rectangle is the (usually very long) hydrocarbon tail

Cytochromes

• proteins that contain heme groups (orange ring)

• iron can accept one electron

• they can be part of larger protein complexes

• cytochrome C is a peripheral membrane protein (outer side of inner mitochondrial

membrane)

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Document Summary

Describe the overview of the figure to the right. Nadh and fadh2 come from the citric acid cycle. Give their electrons up because they don"t want them. These electrons reduce oxygen to make water in the end. This is how we pump protons into the intermembrane space. The nad+ and fad go back to the citric acid cycle. Describe the five types of electron carriers found in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Flavins: lowest affinity for electrons, ring can accept two electrons (along with two protons, much like nicotinamide in nadh. This is why fadh2 is very similar. These are attached to the protons they"re working with, though (nadh are free to float) Ion-sulfur centres: each centre can accept one electron, different types exist, spends most of the time in fe3+ state. Ubiquinone: lipid that freely diffuses in the membrane, also called q, accepts two electrons (one at a time, the green rectangle is the (usually very long) hydrocarbon tail.

Related Questions

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H⁺ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH₂

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

What is the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

apricotgoose897

Biochemistry 2280A Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Intermembrane Space, Coenzyme Q10, Flavin Group

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