40. Which system of the body controls the senses?

What type of bias occurs in a case control study when cases report their use of a medication(the exposure of interest) more accurately than controls? (Choose one best answer)

A) selection Bias

B) Recall Bias

C) the Healthy worker effect

D) Effect modification

E) Berkson’s Bias (I.e. Diagnostic Bias)

Which of the following are not threats to internal validity (select all that apply)?

1. Accuracy of assessment of disease
2. The intervention is not feasible in a real-world setting
3. Selection bias of controls
4. Appropriate calculation of measures of association
5. Comparability of study groups

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the strongest research design for establishing cause and effect. Which of the following is the main limitation of RCTs?

a) RCTs may not be ethical for some studies.

b) RCT design cannot control for confounders.

c) Randomized controlled trials may have a disproportionate number of people exposed to the risk factor.

d) Randomized controlled trials are, by their very design, likely to be very biased towards an expected outcome.