jainsaiyam641

Infer: Why do you think stop and start codon signals are necessary for protein synthesis?

case study:

Introduction

It is nals week on college campus and everybody is in the middle of studying for exams, just waiting for summer break. Björn, Chris, Esiankiki, Xiao-Ma, Sanjeet and Linda are studying together in the international students dorm.

Björn: Chris: Esiankiki:

Xiao-Ma:

Linda: Xiao-Ma:

Sanjeet:

Hey, how are you doing with studying? I’m tired ...
Me too. Let’s take a break. I could also use some ice cream after that last nal I bombed.

DidIhearice-cream?Iloveice-cream!Let’sgodowntownand ndaspot.Iseverybodycoming? Let’s go!

Hm, I can’t tolerate dairy so I usually don’t get ice-cream or other milk products. Sorry guys, I’ll stay behind.

What does that mean? Do you just not like milk? I used to hate milk as a little kid.

No, I actually get really bad stomach cramps, bloating and diarrhea from milk. It’s not pretty. My whole family is that way. When we were still living in China, it wasn’t a big deal because we don’t tradi- tionally eat a lot of milk products there.

Same for me! I get the same thing, and in India we don’t eat a lot of dairy either, so it’s not a problem if I eat Indian food. My mom gave me Lactaid® though, so that helps me to eat ice-cream. Xiao-Ma, I can give you some. Let’s go!

Part I – Geographical Variation in Tolerance to Dairy

I.i – Survey of Dairy Intolerance

Björn: Linda:

Wait, so are you saying that where you’re from, people are generally not able to digest milk? At home in Sweden, we eat dairy products like milk and cheese all the time and everyone I know seems to tolerate it well.

at’s so interesting! I’m curious to see how that maps to the world and if what you observed could be generally true. Let’s do a survey in the international dorm and nd out who is tolerant to dairy and where they are from. I’ll put a black dot for a dairy tolerant person in his or her home country and a white dot for a dairy intolerant person. I’ll start with Xiao-Ma—one white dot in China!

Questions

Figure 1. Survey of dairy tolerance. Linda’s results on a map of the world

1. Do you see patterns in the geographic distribution of the black and white dots? Describe the pattern qualitatively.

2. How would you quantify these patterns?

Can someone read this and tell me what issues this person has in the appropriate AXIS according to DSM IV?

Chris is a shy, anxious-looking, 31-year old carpenter who has been hospitalized after making suicide attempt by putting his head in a plastic bag. He asks to meet with the psychiatrist in a darkened room. He is wearing a baseball cap pulled down over his forehead and partially covering his eyes. Looking down at the floor, Chris says he has no friends, has just been fired from his job, and was recently rejected by his girlfriend. When the psychiatrist asks Chris to elaborate, he replies, “It’s really hard to talk about this, Doctor. I don’t know if I can. It’s too embarrassing. Well, I guess I should tell you…after all, I’m in the hospital because of it. It’s my nose.” “Your nose?” the psychiatrist asks. “Yes, these huge pockmarks on my nose. They’re grotesque! I look like a monster. I’m as ugly as the Elephant Man! These marks on my nose are all I can think about. I’ve thought about them every day for the past 15 years. I even have nightmares abut them. And I think that everyone can see them and that they laugh at me because of them. That’s why I wear this hat all the time. And that’s why I couldn’t talk to you in a bright room…you’d see how ugly I am.”

The psychiatrist couldn’t see the huge pockmarks that Chris was referring to, even when she later met him in a brightly lit room. Chris is, in fact, a handsome man with normal-appearing facial pores. The psychiatrist says, “I see no ugly pockmarks. Is it possible that your view of your appearance is distorted, that may be the pockmarks are just normal-looking facial pores?” “That’s a hard question to answer,” Chris replies. “I’ve pretty much kept this preoccupation a secret because it’s so embarrassing. I’m afraid people with think I’m vain. But I’ve told a few people about it, and they’ve tried to convince me that the pores really aren’t visible. Sometimes I sort of believe them. I think I probably am distorting and that they’re not so bad. Then I look in the mirror and see that they’re huge and ugly, and I’m convinced that people laugh at them. Then no one can talk me out of it. When people try to, I think they just feel sorry for me and that they’re trying to make me feel better. This has affected me in a lot of ways, Doctor,” Chris adds. “It may be hard for you to believe, but this problem has ruined my life. All I can think about is my face. I spend hours a day looking at the marks in the mirror. But I just can’t resist. I started missing more and more work, and I stopped going out with my friends and my girlfriend. I got so anxious when people looked at me that I started staying in the house most of the time. Sometimes when I did go out, I went through red lights so I wouldn’t have to sit at the light where people might be staring at me. The hat helped a little but it didn’t cover all the marks. I tried covering them with makeup for awhile, but I thought people could see the makeup so that didn’t really help. The only time I really felt comfortable was when I wore my nephew’s Batman mask on Halloween. Then no one could see the marks. I missed so much work that I was fired. My girlfriend stuck it out with me for a long time, but she finally couldn’t take it anymore. One thing that was really hard for her was that I started asking her about 50 times a day whether I looked okay and whether she could see the marks. I think that was the last straw. If I had a choice, I’d rather have cancer. It must be less painful. This is like an arrow through my heart.”

Chris went on to discuss the fact that he had seen a dermatologist to request a plastic surgery procedure, but was refused the procedure because, “the dermatologist said there was nothing there.” He finally convinced another dermatologist to do the procedure but thought it did not help. Eventually he felt so desperate over the supposed marks that he made two suicide attempts. His most recent attempt occurred after he looked in the mirror and was horrified by what he saw. He told the psychiatrist, “I saw how awful I looked, and I thought, I’m not sure it’s worth it to go on living if I have to look like this and think about this all the time.” His first suicide attempt had also led to hospitalization; Chris was so ashamed of his concern and thought it wouldn’t be taken seriously, that he kept it secret and told the staff only that he was depressed.


List what you would diagnose for each of the 5 axes and a brief explanation of why:

Please answer one of the following questions:

1. Examine your tongue in a mirror.

How many kinds of papillae can you spot? It may help in seeing the papillae to drink some milk or eat some ice cream first.
Where do you see the largest papillae?
Where are the taste buds? Why can’t you see them? Here’s what they would look like if you could see them (or try here for a more realistic view

About how many taste buds are on your tongue?

a 10

b 100

c 10,000

d 10 million

You will be given two different plasmids, pLIT-GFP andpET28-bgal (Figure 2). pLITGFP has an ampicillin resistance (ampR)gene and pET28b-gal has a kanamycin resistance (kanR) gene. Youwill cleave both plasmids with restriction enzymes NcoI and XhoI,to release the fragment encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)from pLITGFP, and ligate it with the vector pET28 cleaved with thesame enzymes. E. coli strain BL21(DE3) cells are transformed withthe recombinant plasmid mixture. Selecting for cells that containthe desired recombinant plasmid, pET-GFP, is done by platingtransformants on LB-agar that contains 50 µg/ml of kanamycin. Asantibiotics are heat sensitive, a sterile solution with theantibiotics is added to the agar after autoclaving, when the agarhas cooled down to about 55°C. pLIT-GFP (AmpR, ampicillinresistance marker) contains the GFP coding sequence between NcoIand XhoI sites. Ligation of the NcoI-XhoI digests of pLIT-GFP andpET28-bgal (KanR, kanamycin resistance marker) yields severaldifferent products, one of which is pET28-GFP, in which GFP gene issubstituted for beta-galactosidase. The T7 promoter drivestranscription of the adjacent gene when T7 RNA polymerase ispresent.

Considering the components of the ligation reaction forExperiment 1, Week 1, list all of the possible ligation productsthat could occur. Which of these products will confer kanamycinresistance in transformed bacteria?

When you have a DNA sequence, it's possible to determine the sequence of the mRNA transcript and the amino acids in that polypeptide. But, it would be much more difficult to work backwards; if you were provided the amino acid sequence, it would be difficult to determine the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA or DNA molecule. Why?

You want to engineer a mutant strain of E. coli that expresses green fluorescent protein, GFP, when it experiences heat stress. How could you construct the promoter upstream of the gfp gene so that mRNAtranscripts of the GFP protein were made when the E. coli strain experiences heat stress

11.17 A segment of DNA in E. coli has the following sequence of nucleotide pairs:

When this segment of DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase, what will be the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA transcript?

ANS: Assuming that there is a -35 sequence upstream from the consensus -10 sequence in this segment of the DNA molecule, the nucleotide sequence of the transcript will be 5?-ACCCGACAUAGCUACGAUGACGAUAAGCGACAUAGC-3?.

can somebody pls explain to me how to get that answer. thank you

Predict: How will the change to the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment affect the mRNA transcribed from the DNA?

• Think and discuss: Consider the two following statements:

• The theory of evolution states that all living things had a single common ancestor.

• The translation between mRNA and amino acids is the same for all living things. (For example, the mRNA codon CAG codes for glutamine in all living things.)

Does the second statement support the theory of evolution? Explain why or why not.

If possible, discuss your answer with your teacher and classmates.

Quadrilateral RSTU, diagonals SU and

RT intersect at point V.

RSTU is a parallelogram. If m_TUV = 78° and

m_TVU = 54degrees, explain how you can find the measure of SRV. Show all steps of your work, and refer to any properties of triangles, parallelograms, or triangle congruency theorems as necessary to justify your response

3. Observe: Place the next two tRNA molecules on the mRNA strand. What happens?

As each tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA, the ribosome joins the amino acid carried by the tRNA to the growing amino acid chain.

4. Describe: UAG (as well as UAA and UGA) is an example of a stop codon. Molecules called release factors bind to stop codons. Place the release factor on the mRNA molecule.

What happens?

What happened to HRM beginning and growth in Ethiopia?

The net shown represents a square pyramid.

Determine the area, in square feet, of one triangular face of the square pyramid.

How many red blood cells does the bone marrow produce every second?

(A) 5 million

(B) 7 million

(C) 10 million

(D) 12 million

If m ? f(x) ? M for a ? x ? b, where m is the absolute minimum and M is the absolute maximum of f on the interval [a, b], then m(b ? a) ? b f(x) dx a ? M(b ? a). Use this property to estimate the value of the integral. 16 5 x dx 9 Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (smaller value) Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (larger value)

Write a typical scenario about a student just entering college trying to build a credit score. Stress about there finances.