Homework Help for Psychology

What is NPD?

What are tears?

What is emotion?

Review article and answer questions

Gore, J. C. (2003). Principles and practice of functional MRI of the human brain. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 112(1), 4-9.

1. How the method works?

2. What dependent variables are measured and what is the independent variables?

3.Pros and cons to fMRI over the other methods (e.g., if you are researching fMRI, what are the pros and cons over EEG and MEG?)

4. Describe the method used, results, discussion and conclusion. What are the motivation and implications of the paper?

5. Describe graphs in the method/results area.

Innovation can come from a variety of sources, but some may be more effective than others at producing new ideas and technologies. For this week's journal, answer the following questions:

Of all the sources of technological innovation you learned about this module (necessity, collaboration, individual motivation, government intervention, etc.), which one do you think is the most effective? What makes it so effective? What can be done to encourage technological progress?

Please help

Procedural details:

1. The continuous EEG of thirteen unique participants were recorded over 12 experimental sessions. One participant took part twice. All participants natively spoke a language that made the [tha] versus [da] distinction.
2. Stimuli were natural productions of [tha] and [da]. Stimuli were produced by a native female speaker of North American English.
3. There was only one experimental block. The aspirated [tha] was the repeated standard and unaspirated [da] was the infrequent deviant.
4. Data from Fp1, Fp2, Cz and Fz were recorded.
5. Two mastoid channels were recorded and linked in post-processing to create an average mastoid reference.
6. The participants heard 60 repetitions of the deviant [da] and approximately 420 repetitions of the standard [tha]. This was a ratio of approximately seven standards for every deviant that was presented to the participant.
7. Offline, the data was epoched, with 100 ms before the presentation of the stimulus and 800 ms after the presentation of the stimulus.

Questions:

1. Consult EEG and speech processing. What kind of experimental design is this? How do you know? 
2. Given the Procedural details above and course content, provide specific predictions for what you expect? Assume that the participants can contrast [tha] and [da].
1. Do you predict there to be differences? 
2. If so, at what time points? 
3. Which response do you anticipate to be more negative? 
4. What is the unit of Time measurement on the x-axis in a plot based on the experiment?
3. Now imagine that the participants were speakers of a language that did not contrast [tha] and [da], e.g., Spanish or Russian. State explicitly your predictions along the same lines as the answer to Question 2. 
4. According to the experiment/procedures, which predictions are met? Be specific. Make particular reference to the imaginary plot and identify any parts of the ERP responses that might be different between the two conditions.

1. Is this in the time window that you expect?  
2. Is it in the appropriate direction? That is, is the response that is expected to be more positive, indeed more positive and the response that is expected to be more negative, indeed more negative? Also, did you expect to observe a more pronounced peak to the standard or to the deviant? 

1. 1. Can you conclude that the particular design is tapping into phonetic or phonological representations? Make specific reference to the potential levels of sound representations (e.g., acoustic, phonetic, phonological). Explain why you can or cannot conclude that this design taps into a specific level of representation.  

Use references: 

1. Kazanina, N., Phillips, C., & Idsardi, W. (2006). The influence of meaning on the perception of speech sounds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(30), 11381-11386.
2. Phillips, et al. (2000). Auditory cortex accesses phonological categories: an MEG mismatch study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(6), 1038-1055.

Fill my head classical conditioning

How do you define the term “progress? Do you think that the pinnacle of human achievement ( or progress) exists in the past the present or the future? 

After reviewing the article, give a summary:

Article: The impact of a discourse context on bilingual cross-language lexical activation ; Cambridge university

Introduction

Motivation

Results

Conclusion

2) You withdraw money from your bank machine, and when you reach for the money you get shocked when you touch a strip of metal on the machine. You are now reluctant to go the machine to get money and instead do your banking inside.

3) Your cat runs to the kitchen whenever he hears the electric can opener because you have fed him in the past after opening a can of cat food with this opener. He now does this even though you are opening a can of corn for yourself and not opening a can of food for him.

4) You always turn on the light in your bedroom before you feed your gold fish Now, whenever you turn on the light in your room, your fish comes to the top of the tank in anticipation of more food.