Question

. Jack is 15 years old and was brought to his emergency room by his sister. When taking

his medical history, Jack reported dysuria and some pus-like drainage from the tip of his penis. He also reported by sexually active with five to six partners over the last 6 months. Physical examination revealed significant yellow urethral discharge and tenderness at the tip of the penis. Gram staining of the urethral discharge indicated Gram-negative diplococci. He was given antibiotic therapy and was scheduled for a follow-up visit one week later. Jack never returned.

a) Name the causative agent and the disease.

b) Based on Jack’s patient history, name two other microbes is he at increased risk of

becoming infected with?

c) Jack claims all his partners were "clean", and did not appear ill. How do you explain this?

Susan is 19 years old with a history of urinary tract infections which were treated with ampicillin four months ago. Recently, she has experienced nausea with no vomiting, The next day, she developed fever, chills and had increased frequency of urination; the urine had a foul odor. She was admitted to the hospital with a temperature of 38.8oC, and costovertebral angle (the area in the back where the last ribs join to their respective vertebrae) tenderness. Analysis of a clean catch urine specimen revealed increased white blood cells and red blood cells as well as the presence of bacteria. A urine culture revealed pink colonies on MacConkey agar.

a) Name at least 3 bacteria that could be responsible for Susan’s infection. (3 points)

b) It was discovered that the bacteria infecting Susan were resistant to ampicillin. What in the patient’s

history might explain this observation?

c) UTIs are more frequent in women than men. Why