PLEASE INCLUDE EXPLAINATIONS!
10. Evidence suggests that factors which contribute towards the virulence of E. coli strain O157:H7, a bacterial strain reported to cause several food poisoning deaths, are caused by genes from a virus that infects bacteria. Considering this evidence, which statement most likely explains how the O157:H7 population acquired the genetic variation that distinguishes the strain from harmless E. coli strains, such as those that reside in our intestines?
(A) Viral envelope proteins bind to receptors on the bacterial membrane, allowing the viral genetic material to enter the bacterium and become translated into proteins.
(B) The virus infected the bacterium, and allowed the bacterial population to replicate with a copy of the phage genome in each new bacterium.
(C) The virus entered the bacterial cell and incorporated its DNA into the bacterial genome, allowing the bacteriaâs cellular machinery to create new viruses.
(D) The virus entered the cell and acquired specific genes from the bacteria to increase the virulence of the viru
9. In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of the following would you expect of the genes of a bacteriophage?
(A) regulation via acetylation of histones
(B) positive control mechanisms rather than negative
(C) reliance on transcription activators
(D) control of more than one gene in an operon
8. The herpes viruses are important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus (VSV), causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others.
If scientists are trying to use what they know about HSV to devise a means of protecting other people from being infected, which of the following would have the best chance of lowering the number of new cases of infection?
(A) educate people about avoiding sources of infection
(B) interfere with new viral replication in preexisting cases of HSV
(C) treat HSV lesions to shorten the breakout
(D) vaccinate of all persons with preexisting cases of HSV
PLEASE INCLUDE EXPLAINATIONS!
10. Evidence suggests that factors which contribute towards the virulence of E. coli strain O157:H7, a bacterial strain reported to cause several food poisoning deaths, are caused by genes from a virus that infects bacteria. Considering this evidence, which statement most likely explains how the O157:H7 population acquired the genetic variation that distinguishes the strain from harmless E. coli strains, such as those that reside in our intestines?
| (A) Viral envelope proteins bind to receptors on the bacterial membrane, allowing the viral genetic material to enter the bacterium and become translated into proteins. | ||
| (B) The virus infected the bacterium, and allowed the bacterial population to replicate with a copy of the phage genome in each new bacterium. | ||
| (C) The virus entered the bacterial cell and incorporated its DNA into the bacterial genome, allowing the bacteriaâs cellular machinery to create new viruses. | ||
| (D) The virus entered the cell and acquired specific genes from the bacteria to increase the virulence of the viru |
9. In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of the following would you expect of the genes of a bacteriophage?
| (A) regulation via acetylation of histones | ||
| (B) positive control mechanisms rather than negative | ||
| (C) reliance on transcription activators | ||
| (D) control of more than one gene in an operon |
8. The herpes viruses are important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus (VSV), causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others.
If scientists are trying to use what they know about HSV to devise a means of protecting other people from being infected, which of the following would have the best chance of lowering the number of new cases of infection?
| (A) educate people about avoiding sources of infection | ||
| (B) interfere with new viral replication in preexisting cases of HSV | ||
| (C) treat HSV lesions to shorten the breakout | ||
| (D) vaccinate of all persons with preexisting cases of HSV |
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Related questions
1. Select all of the true statements regarding phageconversion.
| -The incorporation of viral genesinto the host cell's DNA is an example of phage conversion. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -The expression of the incorporatedgenes and the resulting alteration of the bacterial phenotype is anexample of phage conversion. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -Cholera toxin genes have a viralorigin. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -The cholera toxin is produced bythe virus. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -The cholera toxin itself is transferred to Vibriocholerae by a virus. 2. Viruses grown in media with radioactive sulfur haveradioactive capsids. Why?
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