51. Where are the neurons that orchestrate regional patterns ofblood flow? (a) hypothalamus, (b) vasomotor center, or (c)intermediolateral nuclei.
52. The case study involved increased rates of energyconsumption, carbon dioxide production, and internal heat releaserelative to basal predicted rates. Did these changes affect thequality of arterial blood at any point in the case study? (a) yes,or (b) no.
53. Does the quality of arterial blood change significantly overthe life span of a healthy animal? (a) yes, or (b) no.
54. Consider the legs of our model animal. Blood flow throughskeletal muscle capillary beds increased during the case study.This phenomenon can be explained by: (a) upstream vasodilation ofarterioles, (b) increased heartbeat frequency, (c) vasoconstrictionof arterioles within the alimentary canal, or (d) all of theabove.
55. Increased cardiac output depends upon two variables: strokevolume and heartbeat frequency. Increased stroke volume resultswhen the myocardium reacts to increased venous return. In contrast,heartbeat frequency increases in response to autonomic innervation,which serves to decrease the duration of: (a) myocardial actionpotentials, (b) the pacemaker potential, or (c) pacemaker cellaction potentials.
56. What increased the contractile force of the heart? (a)innervation of the sinoatrial node, (b) innervation of themyocardium, or (c) innervation of the myocardium and adrenalin fromthe bloodstream.
57. What does increased blood flow through skeletal muscleenable during exertion? (a) increased rate of oxygen delivery, (b)increased rate of CO2 removal, (c) increased rate of heat transfer,or (d) all of the above.
58. What is the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis within whitemuscle fibers? (a) heat, (b) carbon dioxide, or (c) lacticacid.
59. Increased carbon dioxide production accompanies aerobicexertion. Where does most of this arise within an animal? (a) CNS,(b) heart, or (c) skeletal muscle.
60. Carbon dioxide within the bloodstream is a: (a) dissolvedgas, (b) dehydrated volatile acid, (c) a buffer system component,or (d) all of the above.
61. Approximately 75% of the carbon dioxide produced bymitochondria is carried in the bloodstream as bicarbonate. Theformation of this anion depends upon erythrocyte carbonicanhydrase. How would the pH of venous blood be affected if carbonicanhydrase was not within the erythrocyte proteome? (a) increasedpH, (b) decreased pH of venous blood, or (c) no effect.
51. Where are the neurons that orchestrate regional patterns ofblood flow? (a) hypothalamus, (b) vasomotor center, or (c)intermediolateral nuclei.
52. The case study involved increased rates of energyconsumption, carbon dioxide production, and internal heat releaserelative to basal predicted rates. Did these changes affect thequality of arterial blood at any point in the case study? (a) yes,or (b) no.
53. Does the quality of arterial blood change significantly overthe life span of a healthy animal? (a) yes, or (b) no.
54. Consider the legs of our model animal. Blood flow throughskeletal muscle capillary beds increased during the case study.This phenomenon can be explained by: (a) upstream vasodilation ofarterioles, (b) increased heartbeat frequency, (c) vasoconstrictionof arterioles within the alimentary canal, or (d) all of theabove.
55. Increased cardiac output depends upon two variables: strokevolume and heartbeat frequency. Increased stroke volume resultswhen the myocardium reacts to increased venous return. In contrast,heartbeat frequency increases in response to autonomic innervation,which serves to decrease the duration of: (a) myocardial actionpotentials, (b) the pacemaker potential, or (c) pacemaker cellaction potentials.
56. What increased the contractile force of the heart? (a)innervation of the sinoatrial node, (b) innervation of themyocardium, or (c) innervation of the myocardium and adrenalin fromthe bloodstream.
57. What does increased blood flow through skeletal muscleenable during exertion? (a) increased rate of oxygen delivery, (b)increased rate of CO2 removal, (c) increased rate of heat transfer,or (d) all of the above.
58. What is the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis within whitemuscle fibers? (a) heat, (b) carbon dioxide, or (c) lacticacid.
59. Increased carbon dioxide production accompanies aerobicexertion. Where does most of this arise within an animal? (a) CNS,(b) heart, or (c) skeletal muscle.
60. Carbon dioxide within the bloodstream is a: (a) dissolvedgas, (b) dehydrated volatile acid, (c) a buffer system component,or (d) all of the above.
61. Approximately 75% of the carbon dioxide produced bymitochondria is carried in the bloodstream as bicarbonate. Theformation of this anion depends upon erythrocyte carbonicanhydrase. How would the pH of venous blood be affected if carbonicanhydrase was not within the erythrocyte proteome? (a) increasedpH, (b) decreased pH of venous blood, or (c) no effect.
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