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1.List the most likely physiological causes of the ventilatory threshold (Tvent):

2.The a-vO2 difference is (minimized/maximized) _________________during maximal intensity exercise because arterial oxygen extraction (unloading) is (increased/decreased) _________________ at the skeletal muscle capillary beds to meet the match the (increased/decreased) _________________ demand for oxygen to act as a final electron acceptor in the oxidative synthesis of ATP.
12. During upright graded exercise, the stroke volume reaches its maximum value at approximately ______% of the aerobic capacity (VO2 max).

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Related questions

1. Reflexes associated with Golgitendon organs prevent skeletal muscles from

a. stretching toofar

b. contracting with too muchforce

c. accumulating too much lacticacid

d. exercising toolong

2. Why do plasma glucoseconcentrations start to decline after prolonged enduranceexercise?

a. Glucagon releasedecreases.

b. Insulin releaseincreases.

c. Cortisol releasedecreases.

d. Glycogen stores aredepleted.

3. During a graded aerobic exercise,

a. SBP gradually increases while DBP remains same or slightlydecreases.

b. SBP remains same or slightly decreases while DBP graduallyincreases.

4. Factor(s) affecting blood pressure is(are)

a. HR.

b. SV.

c. Q.

d. TPR.

e. All of above.

5. Where does waterportion of sweat come from?

a. Inside of muscle cells.

b. Urine.

c. Plasma.

6. End-diastolic volume (EDV) -end-systolic volume (ESV) =

a. cardiac output(CO).

b. mean arterial pressure(MAP).

c. stroke volume(SV).

d. ejection fraction(EF).

7. The major factor affecting blood flow is

a. viscosity ofblood.

b. length of vessel.

c. radius of vessel.

d. shear stress ofvessel.

8. Accumulation of metabolicby-products in muscle (H+,CO2, heat) leads to

a. vasoconstriction.

b. vasodilation.

c. sympatheticactivation.

d. reduced muscle bloodflow.


9. During a grated exercise until the point ofventilator threshold (VT) occurring,

a. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases proportionally to exerciseintensity increase.

b. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionally toexercise intensity increase.

10. Immediately stopping a steady-statesubmaximal exercise, VE steeply decreases. This decrease is dueto

a. decrease in PCO2, H+, and the coretemperature (metabolic effect).

b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from activemuscle.

11. During the recovery period after asteady-state submaximal exercise, VE gradually decrease because

a. decrease in PCO2, H+, and the coretemperature (metabolic effect).

b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from activemuscle.

12. Valsalvamaneuver is dangerous because

a. sore abdominal muscles.

b. a drop in blood pressure if Valsalva maneuver iscontinued.

c. a dangerous rise in blood pressure immediately afterstarting Valsalva maneuver.

d. b and c are correct.

e. All of above are correct.

13. The point atwhich pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionately withoxygen consumption (VO2) during graded exercise iscalled

a. ventilatory threshold (VT).

b. lactate threshold (LT).

c. anaerobic threshold (AT).

14. Which condition duringexercise induces the right shift of hemoglobin's oxygen-binding affinity curve(Bohr effect)?

a. ADP accumulation

b. lower pH

c. mechanical compression ofmuscle capillaries

d. local hypoxia(low O2)

15. How is bloodpressure response during submaximal exercise different between armsand legs?

a. Arms have a higher.

b. Legs have a higher.

c. They are the same

d. They can't be compared

16. Which of thefollowing does not increase the heart'sstroke volume?

a. Enhanced cardiac filling and ejection

b. Neurohormonal influence

c. Training adaptations that expand blood volume

d. Training adaptations that increase resistance to bloodflow

17. Which of the following willdecrease stroke volume (SV)?

a. increased preload

b. increasedcontractility

c. increased Calcium(Ca2+) concentrations

d. increasedafterload

18. For two athletes with sameVO2max, An athlete who has _____ lactate thresholdpredicts better performance.

a. higher

b. lower

c. It doesn

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