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26 Apr 2019

Joint Biomechanics

(1). What is a center of rotation? What effect does translation have on the center of rotation?

(2). What is joint torque? How does joint position affect the ability of a muscle force to produce joint motion?

(3). Compare the action of muscles that cross a single joint to the ones that cross two or more joints.

(4). Explain the action of the passive and active joint stabilizers.

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Trinidad Tremblay
Trinidad TremblayLv2
27 Apr 2019

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Related questions

Compare the action of muscles that cross a single joint to the ones that cross two or more joints.

1.Why might a muscle fiber needan ample amount of Na+, K+-ATPase on its surface?

a. as evident by the value of the cell’s membrane potential,muscle fibers are leaky to Na+

b. to counter the effect of numerous action potentials persecond

2. The word organ denotes adistinct set of tissues performing one or more specificfunctions. Therefore, this term can be used to refer to largevisceral organs, e.g. the liver, or muchsmaller structures such as otolith organs. In regard to the otolithorgans, what causes the cilia of their vestibular cells tobend?

a, shear force b. inertia of endolymph

3. Recall that the vestibulo-ocular reflex enables the eyes toremain fixed on target and that extrinsic eye muscles areinnervated by brainstem α-motor neurons. What role does the mediallongitudinal fasciculus play in the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

a. central integration b. links the vestibular nuclei withbrainstem motor nuclei

4. Descending projections from the vestibular nuclei enablepostural adjustments of the head and body. Any stereotypical changein head position that promotes balance ismediated by the vestibulo-cervical reflex. This name stems from thefact that most of the α-motor neurons that control the position ofthe head are located in the motor nuclei of the

a. brainstem b. cervical cord

5. Any stereotypical change in bodyposition that promotes balance is mediated by thevestibulo-spinal reflex. Does this reflex implement the γ-loop?

a. yes b. no

What is the difference between the study of kinematics and kinetics in regard to forces?

What three components that make up the musculoskeletal “system”.

The musculoskeletal system is composed if many simple machines. There are 4 potential uses for these simple machines, list 2 of these uses.

Fill in the blank a _________ is used to alter the resulting direction of the applied force.

In the body what component acts as a lever and what acts as the axis?

When we think of a lever set up, what does FAR refer to?

Draw a basic F.A.R for each of the following and give an example of where in the body you may find each.

First class lever:

Second class lever:

Third class lever:

Which class of levers is designed best for speed and range of motion and which is best for strength?

What forces determine amount of torque in a system?

A. How much torque needs to be produced to move 60 kg (R) when the RA is 0.30 m and the FA is 0.1 meters?

b. What value could you change to decrease the torque needed to lift the SAME object.

c. Draw the F.A.R unit (say an arm lifting a bucket) label the elements and explain why what you changed in b would decrease torque needed.

12. a. What is the “contractile” unit of muscle called? ______________

b. what is the non-contractile element (series elastic element) in a muscle lever system?

13. in regards to “power” which is more powerful, muscle fibers arranged in Parallel or bipennate muscles? ___________

Why?

14. When weight lifting with the goal of increasing strength, what physical characteristic of the muscle are you changing to bring about that increased strength? __________________

15. What is the branch of FDA that controls regulation of medical devices? ____________

16. Which of the following statements is false?

A device can be an instrument or an apparatus.

A device can be something used to diagnose a disease

A device can change the chemistry of your cells

A device can be something that delivers a drug to your body

17. Give one example of a..

Class I device

Class II device

Class III device

18. Which of the following is true regarding device classification?

Devices with the least risk to the patient are considered Class III

A class III device has a high risk potential to the patient

Class III devices are the easiest to get approved

Testing devices on humans is easy and follows no specific guidelines

19. Explain the difference between Harm and Risk.

20. What is a “substantial equivalent”? Is it easier or harder to get approval for a Device that has an SE?

21. Which of the following would not be a priority when developing a medical device?

Cost

Ergonomics

Ease of sterilization

Material

None of the above

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