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13 Jan 2018

Understand how viruses can induce a normal cell to become a cancer cell; give examples of oncogenic viruses

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Hubert Koch
Hubert KochLv2
15 Jan 2018
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Related questions

2.)

a.) Are viruses that infect Archaea different from other bacterial viruses?

Yes, they do not have protein coats because of the extreme conditions where they live.
No, they consist of nucleic acid and protein just like other bacterial viruses.
Yes, the structure of archaeal viruses is always completely different from other bacterial viruses.

Yes, they have only DNA genomes.

b.) Of the following examples, which is not a common part of many viral life cycles?

The pox virus genome is replicated by DNA polymerase.
Adenoviruses attach to the cell and the nucleocapsid is taken up by the cell.
Pox viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Once an adenovirus virion is inside a cell, host RNA polymerases transcribe early genes

c.) Some viruses are associated with cancer. There are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to cancer. Based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen?

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome close to the termination sequence, far downstream of the promoter, and causes a silent mutation.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome in a repetitive noncoding region.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome, placing a promoter in a new location and turning on a gene that had previously been turned off.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome and causes a mutation in a promoter, turning off a gene that had previously been turned on.

d.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc?

PrPC is just a protein and the PrPSc is a protein with nucleic acid inside.
The PrPC protein contains more beta sheets while the PrPSc protein contains more alpha helices.
The three-dimensional conformation is identical, but the amino acid sequence is different.
The amino acid sequence is identical, but the three-dimensional conformation is different.

Myc is a potent oncogenic protein that has many effects in the cell. Answer the following questions regarding Myc. Myc is an example of a bHIH protein, what does this mean? Give an example of two other bHIH proteins. How do these bHIH proteins affect cancer deveolpment? Be specific with regards to which molecules are being turned on/off. Mention where in the cell cycle the effects takes place and the effect it has on cell differentiation?

One way that RNA tumor viruses can cause cancer upon infection is by commandeering a host gene and transcribing it under a strong promoter in the viral LTR region of the viral genome.

a. What evidence suggests that a proto-oncogene like src is actually a normal cellular gene rather than a gene that has been inserted into the germ line by an infecting retrovirus?

b. What is the normal function of src in the cell?

c. Describe the regulation of this proto-oncogene include how the dysfunction of this proto-oncogene leads to cancer.

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