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1. Describe different forms of cellular motion. What is the difference between cellular and subcellular motility? While the textbook authors state that cellular motility is observed mostly in single-celled organisms, you may be able to think of several motile cells found in multicellular animals.

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As an animalâs body size increases, the number of cells in the organism also increases. Why must the number of cells increase in order to increase body size? Why canât there simply be the same number of cells, each with larger volume?

All animals begin life as a single-celled zygote, but become multicellular through development. The increase in number of cells must come from an increased number of mitotic divisions and this in turn may increase the risk of developing cancer. However, when looking at animals of varying body size, scientists find no correlation between body size and cancer incidence. In fact, some large bodied animals such as elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maxima) have very low rates of cancer. It has recently been reported that elephants have at least 20 copies of the TP53 gene that makes the protein p53, whereas humans only have one copy (2 alleles).

Describe the process whereby elephants probably acquired so many copies of the TP53 gene? Hint: it also may have been responsible for so many copies of CYP, RAS and BRC1 genes.

How is the possession of extra TP53 genes and adaptation for large, long-lived organisms? In your answer, identify which cancer hallmark this may be an adaptation against.

fuchsiaelk366

i need help on those questions pleae i need the correct answers for my homework so please choose the correct answres and be clear just give me the correct hope because it is important

Question 1

Which answer best describes the main goal of this lab. Hint, you may want to read the entire lab before answering this question.

To analyse fermenation data

To measure the size of gas bubbles in a fermentation tube

To examine yeast cells

To measure the rate of fermentation under several different reaction conditions

Question 2

Yeats are ________________ and have have both a _______________ and _____________.

fungi | cell wall | extra cellular matrix

fungi | cell membrane | cell wall

fungi | cell wall | chloroplasts

animals | cell wall | chloroplasts

Question 3

In which cell organelle of the yeast cell do the many of the reactions of cellular respiration take place?

Question 4

What gas forms the bubble in the fermentation tube?

Question 5

Yeast perform fermentation when oxygen is absent.

True

False

Question 6

When you design your own experiment, which of the following variables will you NOT modify as an independent variable?

sucrose concentration

temperature

yeast cell concentration

oxygen concentration

Question 7

Over what time period will you measure the size of the gas bubble in the fermentation tube?

5min

20min

as long as you decide.

10min

Question 8

What substrate are the yeast cells using for BOTH cellular respiration and fermentation?

Question 9

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in yeast cells?

Question 10

Where in the yeast cell is carbon dioxide produced from fermentation?

inner matrix of mitochondria

mitochondria

nucleus

cytoplasm

Question 11

Bonus: you'll need to look this up.....first find in the lab manual what macromolecule is abundant in the cell wall of yeast cells. Then look up which very different group of organism also has this macromolecule in their exoskeletons. For an answer I'm looking for the name of that group of organism. Write ONE word as your answer in its plural. That word must have 7 letters. Use no punctuation in your answer ONLY the 7 letters in the word.

Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

What are the products of cellular respiration?

What does pyruvate do?

The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called what?

If ATP accumulates in a cell, what happens?

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because the drug inhibits what?

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in what?

Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?

What is an example of a photoautotroph?

What is the origin of chloroplasts?

In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called what?

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from what?

What is the use and production of CO₂ in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Know the parts of the chloroplast. Which structure in the chloroplast represents the thylakoid membrane?

What molecules are reactants of photosynthesis?

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?

Why are most plants green?

Chapter 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

What is called the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg?

How do eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes?

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures are called what?

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

What occurs during interphase?

What is the process called by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells?

What is the phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form?

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

What feature of plant cell division distinguishes it from animal cell division?

What features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

What must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance

Most genetic disorders of humans are caused by what type of alleles?

What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

What are the individual features of all organisms?

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?

The sex chromosome complement of a normal human female is what?

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete?

What is the gene located on a sex chromosome called?

Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?

Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics

How long has Biotechnology been around?

What do restriction enzymes do?

What are "Sticky ends"?

What is the best definition of a genomic library?

What is a nucleic acid probe?

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are what?

How does a vaccine work?

What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their what?

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1. Describe different forms of cellular motion. What is the difference between cellular and subcellular motility? While the textbook authors state that cellular motility is observed mostly in single-celled organisms, you may be able to think of several motile cells found in multicellular animals.

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