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7 Jan 2018

High serum levels of glucose (25mM) and low levels of fructose (0.2mM) activate what enzyme?

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Related questions

When (glucose, lactose) ___________ levels inside a bacterial cell are low, cyclicAMP levels are (high, low) __________. This is because metabolizes sugars (activate, inhibit) ___________ the enzyme adenylate cyclase, and (activate, inhibit) __________ the enzyme cAMP phosphodiesterase, causing cyclic AMP levels to rise. Consequently, the CAP protein is (Activated, inhibited, unaffected) ___________ by the cyclic AMP and binds to the lac promoter region, and the CAP protein acts like a sigma factor recruiting (DNA, RNA) ___________ polymerase to the promoter. This establishes condition that may lead to the (transcription, replication) __________ of the lac operon if (allolactose, glucose, lactose) _____________ is available to bind to (lac repressor, lacZ, lacY, lacA) _________ protein keeping this protein from binding to the (lacO, lacZ. lacY, lacA) ___________ gene.

A baby boy aged 6 weeks, showed symptoms of pronounced hyperammonemia, which included vomiting, fever, irritability, and screaming episodes interspersed with periods of lethargy. The baby had low levels of blood urea, elevated serum transaminase, and generalized hyperaminoacidemia and aminoaciduria. The levels of citrulline, argininosuccinate and arginine were relatively low in both blood and urine.

Enzyme assays of liver tissue showed that the levels of mitochondrial carbamoyl synthetase (CPS) was approx. 20% of normal; the enzyme was active only in the presence of relatively high concentrations of N-acetylglutamate. All other urea cycle enzyme levels were relatively normal. The baby was treated with a supplement containing arginine, pyridoxine and α-keto analogs of essential amino acids (those that cannot be synthesized by humans). As part of the therapy, dietary protein was also restricted

Please explain

1) Why were blood levels of ammonia high in this baby?

2) Explain why infants with CPS deficiency normally show relatively low blood levels of citrulline, argininosuccinate, arginine and urea?

3) Why is the administration of an arginine supplement recommended for this infant?

4) Why was dietary protein restricted?

A patient came into the ER complaining of shortness of breath. A metabolic profile was determined for this patient and it was found that this person had very high levels of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and low levels of fructose-6-phosphate. Pyruvate and lactic acid levels were high. No issues were found with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex or any downstream pathways such as the citric acid cycle. Careful analysis of phosphofructokinase-1 showed that it was completely normal and functioned as expected. Which of the following enzymes are NOT likely the cause of the metabolic impact on this patient? Mark all answers that apply.

Phosphofructokinase-2 is overactive.

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is inhibited.

Phosphofructokinase-2 is inhibited.

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is overactive.

Pyruvate kinase is over active.

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