Consider a reconstituted membrane system that mimics the structure of intact mitochondria in that the matrix and intermembrane space are completely intact. These membranes are formed with only Complex IV and ATp synthase in their normal orientation within the membrane. Electrons are provided into the system via soluble reduced cytochrome c and O2 is used as an electron acceptor. Would ATP synthesis occur? Justify your answer.
Consider a reconstituted membrane system that mimics the structure of intact mitochondria in that the matrix and intermembrane space are completely intact. These membranes are formed with only Complex IV and ATp synthase in their normal orientation within the membrane. Electrons are provided into the system via soluble reduced cytochrome c and O2 is used as an electron acceptor. Would ATP synthesis occur? Justify your answer.
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Part 1
The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP is
Multiple choice
ATP-ase.
cytochrome C.
NADPH.
ATP synthase.
Part 2
The terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is water.
True/Fale
Part 3
Alex, Kim, and Jenna have different levels of activity, and thus require a varied amount of calories per day. Alex is an athlete, and he requires 3500 calories per day to fuel his high intensity activity. Jenna is a secretary and is sedentary most of her day. Her low level of activity requires a mere 1800 calories a day, while Kim, a professional dancer, needs 2800 calories per day to fuel her moderate level of activity.
Jenna | Kim | Alex | |
Profession | Secretary | Professional Dancer | Athlete |
Level of Activity | Low | Moderate | High |
Caloric Needs | 1800 Calories/Day | 2800 Calories/Day | 3500 Calories/Day |
Fats are broken down in cellular respiration to generate the ATP needed to fuel our bodies. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Percent Recommended Daily value for fats in a balanced diet should not exceed more than 30% of the total daily calorie intake. Fats provide 9 calories per gram.
Nutritional needs of Jenna
What question would this calculation answer?
Finding 30% of 1800 calories and then dividing by 9 calories per gram.
1800 calories x 0.30 = 440 calories
440 calories/9 calories per gram = 49 grams
Multiple Choice
How many grams of fat can Jenna consume in one meal?
How many fat calories can Jenna consume each day?
How many calories are found in 9 grams of fat?
How many grams of fat can Jenna consume each day?
Part 4
Proton pumps are protein complexes that
Multiple Choice
synthesize water from hydrogen and oxygen.
break down water into hydrogen and oxygen.
move hydrogen ions across cell membranes.
move electrons through the cell membrane.
Part 5
As protons move through the proton pump,
Multiple Choice
the membrane becomes more permeable to the hydrogen ions.
the concentration of hydrogen ions inside and outside the cell reaches equilibrium.
they build up on one side of the membrane, producing a concentration gradient.
conformational changes occur within the membrane proteins.
Part 6
The transfer of hydrogen ions across the membrane generates a potential energy gradient.
True/False
Review question its 1-12 sorry for the xtra questions in the bottom 1:2D chromatography is so named because ____ A: there are two steps: labeling with a radioactive marker and separation via chromatography B: two different solutions are used in the paper chromatography C: the molecules are separated into a linear arrangement, meaning two dimension D: two different types of radioactive markers must be used E: the process separates the molecules in two direction, first along the X and then along the Y axis 2: :Which molecule(s) regulate(s) photosynthesis by sensing the metabolic status of the chloroplast and regulating proton flow out of the thylakoid lumen?? A: ATP synthase B: antenna complex C: Chrolophyll B D: carotenoids E: chlorphyll A 3: When does A CAM plant take in atmospheric CO2? A: daytime only B: Summer day C: winter day D: nighttime only E: anytime the calvin cycle is happening 4: Where can you find ATP synthase in a plant cell ? B: in the mitochondial inner membrane C: both thylakid and inner mitochondria membrane D: only in the nucleus E: embedded in the plasma membrane 5: chloroplast kept in the daek can continue to make sugar is provided with A: NADPH, CO2, and ADP B: CO2, and ATP C: NADPH, ATP, and CO2 D: NADPH and ATP E: water and ATP 7: C3 plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C4 pathway?? A: Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants B: ?Rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco of C4 and CAM plants C: Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2 taken in during the night. D; : Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants.? E: There is an energetic cost to C4 and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments.? 8: In Engelmann's classic experiment, why were the oxygen-requiring bacteria clustered around the regions of Spirogyra algae that were bathed in red, blue, and violet light? A; The bacteria were immobile and that is where Engelmann happened to place them .? B; The most energy-rich wavelengths of light are found at the edges of visible and nonvisible light (ultra violet and infrared) C; Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is consumed by the algae in those regions. D: Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is produced by the algae in those regions.? E: : Chlorophyll is green and thus reflects green light. 9: In any experiment, changes to the dependent variable based on the manipulations of the independent variable are measured. When determining the action spectrum of a given plant, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable? A: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = wavelength? B: ?independent = absorption of light; dependent = wavelength C: independent = wavelength; dependent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis? D: independent = wavelength; dependent = absorption of light? E: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = absorption of light 10: Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange?? A: stromal lamellae B: grana C: granastomata? D: stroma 11: n order to elucidate the Calvin cycle, Calvin and his colleagues used two-dimensional paper chromatography to analyze the presence of different molecules under different conditions. What did they conclude from the accumulation of RuBP when CO2 levels were low?? A: CO2 serves as a non-competitive inhibitor of rubisco. B: RuBP is the last substrate to react in the Calvin cycle. C: RuBP only reacts with CO2 when concentrations of ATP are low D: RuBP is the first substrate to react with CO2 E: ?RuBP only reacts with CO2 in the sunlight. 12: Why isn't oxygen produced by organisms that perform anoxygenic photosynthesis? A; their membranes lack ATP synthase? B; They use a different enzyme for the initial reactions of the calvin cycle C: they use electrons donors other than water D: their photosystem do not utilize the calvin cycle E: their chorophyll contains an iron rather than magnesium A: ?there are two steps: labeling with a radioactive marker and separation via chromatography |
B: two different solutions are used in the paper chromatography process? |
C: the molecules are separated into a linear arrangement, meaning two dimensions? |
D: two different types of radioactive markers must be used? |
E: the process separates the molecules in two directions, first along the x axis and then along the y axis? |
2:Which molecule(s) regulate(s) photosynthesis by sensing the metabolic status of the chloroplast and regulating proton flow out of the thylakoid lumen??
A: ?ATP synthase |
B: the antenna complex? |
C: chlorophyll b? |
D: carotenoids? |
E: chlorophyll a 3: When does a CAM plant take in atmospheric CO2??
6: Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
|
7: C3 plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C4 pathway??
A: Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants.? |
B: ?Rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco of C4 and CAM plants. |
C: Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2 taken in during the night.? |
D: Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants.? |
E: There is an energetic cost to C4 and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments.? |
8: In Engelmann's classic experiment, why were the oxygen-requiring bacteria clustered around the regions of Spirogyra algae that were bathed in red, blue, and violet light??
A:The bacteria were immobile and that is where Engelmann happened to place them.? |
B: The most energy-rich wavelengths of light are found at the edges of visible and nonvisible light (ultra violet and infrared).? |
?c: Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is consumed by the algae in those regions. |
D; Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is produced by the algae in those regions.? |
?e: Chlorophyll is green and thus reflects green light. |
9; In any experiment, changes to the dependent variable based on the manipulations of the independent variable are measured. When determining the action spectrum of a given plant, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable??
A: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = wavelength? |
B: ?independent = absorption of light; dependent = wavelength |
C: independent = wavelength; dependent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis? |
D: independent = wavelength; dependent = absorption of light? |
E: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = absorption of light? |
10: Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange??
A: stromal lamellae? |
B: grana? |
C: stomata? |
?D: stroma 11: In order to elucidate the Calvin cycle, Calvin and his colleagues used two-dimensional paper chromatography to analyze the presence of different molecules under different conditions. What did they conclude from the accumulation of RuBP when CO2 levels were low??
|