answer

watching

views

29 Dec 2018

2. [3 points] During the breeding season, male American goldfinches have a bright yellow color, while the females have a muted yellow-green color. The maleâs bright yellow color is regarded as a sexually selected trait, as females tend to prefer to mate with brightly colored males. a. (1) How would âtruth in advertising/handicapâ hypotheses explain the preference for bright males by females? 1 B A C D E BIOL 202, Fall 2017 Gordon Brown b. (1) How would âgood genesâ hypotheses explain the preference for bright males by females? c. (1) How would âarbitrary runaway hypotheses explain the preference for bright males by females? 3. [3 points] Explain the differences among the three following measures of fitness: Absolute fitness; Relative fitness; Inclusive fitness.

answer

watching

106

views

For unlimited access to Homework Help, a Homework+ subscription is required.

You have 0 free answers left.
Get unlimited access to 3.8 million step-by-step answers.

Get unlimited access

Already have an account? Log in

Irving HeathcoteLv2

29 Dec 2018

Unlock all answers

Get 1 free homework help answer.

Already have an account? Log in

Related questions

For butterflies living in seasonal environments, it is importantto correctly time the diapause â a state of physiological dormancythat allows them to survive the winter. P. canadensis lives incolder climates and therefore has only one generation per year andan obligate diapause; all pupae of this species diapause from latefall until the next spring, when they resume development. In P.glaucus, most pupae diapause only in response to cold temperatures;as long as weather remains warm, they continue to develop. However,some P. glaucus pupae show obligate diapause similar to P.canadensis. The gene that controls diapause in Papilio is locatedon the Z chromosome, and obligate diapause is specified by therecessive allele ob.

A population of P. glaucus near Lake Michigan is atHardy-Weinberg equilibrium. You have found that 9% of the malepupae show obligate diapause.

(1 point) What is the percentage of female pupae that showobligate diapause? (Show how you calculated this).

(1 point) What is the frequency of the ob allele in males and infemales?

(1 point) What will be the frequency of obligate diapause pupaein the next generation in the absence of selection, in eachsex?
Males:

Females:

(8 points) Winter came early and suddenly this year. Pupae thatwere in diapause because of the ob allele were safe, with arelative fitness of 1. Pupae that had not diapaused were much moresusceptible to the cold and most of them died leaving them with arelative fitness of 0.2. All adults and other larvae died. What isthe new frequency of the ob allele in the next generation? Inmales:

In females:

You now bring P. canadensis and P. glaucus back to the lab tocarry out some controlled crosses. The P. canadensis populationthat you chose is fixed for the ob allele. The P. glaucuspopulation that you chose is fixed for the alternative dominantallele at this locus that allows for environmental determination ofdiapause. From the following matings, what is the frequency ofdiapausing pupae that you would expect? (Show how you calculatedthis).

(2 points) Male canadensis x Female glaucus

Males:

Females:

(2 points) Male glaucus x Female canadensis

Males:

Females:

P.glaucus is highly palatable to predators. Females come in twoforms: a yellow form that looks identical to males and has somelevel of crypsis and a dark form, which mimics the unpalatablebutterfly Battus philenor. This trait is specific to females andthe locus that determines the phenotype is biallelic and located onthe W-chromosome.

(1 point) What form of mimicry is this?

(3 points) You are comparing two populations of P.glaucus foundin different regions. What factors do you think might influence therelative fitness of the two morphs?

(1 point) What type of selection would you expect to act on thegene responsible for color morph determination? (check one)

Negative Frequency Dependent Selection

Positive Frequency Dependent Selection

Balancing Selection
Directional Selection

ivorykoala123

Butterflies have a Z/W mechanism of sex determination. In thissystem, females are the heterogametic sex, so females are ZW andmales are ZZ. Papilio glaucus, the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, isfound throughout the eastern United States. Papilio canadensis, theCanadian Tiger Swallowtail, is found throughout Southern Canada andthe Northern United States. The two species are known to hybridizewhere their ranges overlap near the Great Lakes. For butterfliesliving in seasonal environments, it is important to correctly timethe diapause â a state of physiological dormancy that allows themto survive the winter. P. canadensis lives in colder climates andtherefore has only one generation per year and an obligatediapause; all pupae of this species diapause from late fall untilthe next spring, when they resume development. In P. glaucus, mostpupae diapause only in response to cold temperatures; as long asweather remains warm, they continue to develop. However, some P.glaucus pupae show obligate diapause similar to P. canadensis. Thegene that controls diapause in Papilio is located on the Zchromosome, and obligate diapause is specified by the recessiveallele ob. A population of P. glaucus near Lake Michigan is atHardy-Weinberg equilibrium. You have found that 9% of the malepupae show obligate diapause. You now bring P. canadensis and P.glaucus back to the lab to carry out some controlled crosses. TheP. canadensis population that you chose is fixed for the ob allele.The P. glaucus population that you chose is fixed for thealternative dominant allele at this locus that allows forenvironmental determination of diapause.

From the following matings, what is the frequency of diapausingpupae that you would expect? (Show how you calculated this).

All the info has been given

(2 points) Male canadensis x Female glaucus

Males:

Females:

(2 points) Male glaucus x Female canadensis

Males:

Females:

(1 point) What form of mimicry is this?

(3 points) You are comparing two populations of P.glaucus foundin different regions. What factors do you think might influence therelative fitness of the two morphs?

(1 point) What type of selection would you expect to act on thegene responsible for color morph determination? (check one)

Negative Frequency Dependent Selection

Positive Frequency Dependent Selection

Balancing Selection

Directional Selection

maroonotter699

Q 1 â Manx cats are produced when a dominant allele is inherited for the Manx gene (M). Inheritance of two dominant alleles, however, results in death of the fetus. Coat color in cats is determined by two alleles with incomplete dominance. BB produces black colored cats, Bb produces grey cats, and bb produces white cats. A grey Manx cat is mated with a white Manx. What proportion of the living offspring will be white Manx kittens? (3 points)

Q 2 â In goats, a beard is produced by an autosomal allele that is dominant in males and recessive in females. Weâll use the symbol B^b for the beard allele and B+ for the beardless allele. Another independently assorting autosomal allele that produces a black coat (W) is dominant over the allele for white coat (w). Give the phenotypes and their proportions expected for the following cross: B⁺B⁺Ww male Ã B^bB^bWw female (2 points)

Q 3 â E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescent-white seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings.

Give the genotypes for the green, virescent-white, and yellow seedlings

Explain how color is determined in these seedlings (which genotype gives which phenotype). (3 points)

Q 4 â You are studying a gene that controls ossicone (horn) length in giraffes. The wild-type long-ossicone allele (L) is dominant to the mutant short-ossicone (l) allele. However the L allele is only 60% penetrant in both homozygotes and heterozygotes. In a population of 212 giraffes in an African nature preserve, 80 giraffes are either homozygous or heterozygous for the long ossicone allele (L). What proportion of offspring would you expect to exhibit the long ossicone phenotype? (2 points)