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9 Apr 2018

QUESTION 1

  1. The first person to describe a carcinogen was:

    a.

    Rudolf Virchow
    b.

    Cladius Regaud
    c.

    Percivall Pott
    d.

    George Papanicolau
    e.

    Sidney Farber

QUESTION 2

  1. Who introduced the test for early detection of cervical cancerin 1942?

    a.

    Rudolf Virchow
    b.

    Cladius Regaud
    c.

    Percivall Pott
    d.

    George Papanicolau
    e.

    Sidney Farber

QUESTION 3

  1. All of the following are TRUE about risk factors for cancerEXCEPT:

    a.

    They cause DNA mutation
    b.

    Some can be avoided
    c.

    Some can be inherited
    d.

    They guide patient management
    e.

    They increase the probability of getting cancer

QUESTION 4

  1. All of the following are proven carcinogens EXCEPT:

    a.

    Tobacco
    b.

    Formaldehyde
    c.

    Soot
    d.

    Saccharin
    e.

    Human papilloma virus

QUESTION 5

  1. Which of the following is true about somatic mutations:

    a.

    They are present in an egg or sperm
    b.

    They can be inherited
    c.

    They can be present in all cells in the individual
    d.

    They can cause cancer family syndrome
    e.

    They cannot be inherited

QUESTION 6

  1. All of the following can be used as a guideline for causalinference of a carcinogen EXCEPT:

    a.

    Strength of association of the exposure with occurrence ofcancer
    b.

    Single correlation study showing exposure with the incidence ofcancer
    c.

    Dose response relation of the exposure and risk of cancer
    d.

    Disease or risk reduction with removal of exposure
    e.

    Biological plausibility of the exposure with the disease

QUESTION 7

  1. All of the following cancers have an infectious causeEXCEPT:

    a.

    Cervical Cancer
    b.

    Stomach Cancer
    c.

    Breast Cancer
    d.

    Liver Cancer
    e.

    Hodgkin lymphoma

QUESTION 8

  1. Medical treatments that cause cancer include all of thefollowing EXCEPT:

    a.

    MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma
    b.

    Radiation therapy for sarcoma
    c.

    Tamoxifen for chemotherapy
    d.

    Smallpox vaccination
    e.

    Cyclosporine for immunosuppression

QUESTION 9

  1. All of the following are risk factors for breast cancerEXCEPT:

    a.

    Having breast implants
    b.

    Having prior ovarian cancer
    c.

    Having a mother with breast cancer
    d.

    Age
    e.

    Obesity

QUESTION 10

  1. The likelihood of getting cancer from exposure to a carcinogenis related to all of the following EXCEPT:

    a.

    The duration of exposure
    b.

    The geographic location of the exposure
    c.

    The degree of exposure
    d.

    The genetic susceptibility of the exposed person
    e.

    The mode of exposure (e.g., touching it, breathing it,swallowing it, etc).

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Question 1 When energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy that can be used to do work is always lost. The loss of this energy is mostly in the form of _________.
a. heat
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. light energy
e. mechanical energy

Question 2 Which of the following is exergonic?
a. binding fatty acids and glycerol molecules together to form lipids
b. building proteins from amino acids
c. binding sugars molecules together to form glycogen
d. breaking bonds in starch to release glucose
e. adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 3 The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
b. the universe is increasing in entropy.
c. all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
d. energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
e. in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 4 Which of the following is true of energy?
a. It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.
b. It can be created.
c. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
d. It can never be stored.
e. It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

Question 5 Metabolism is:
a. the sum of all the energy a cell uses.
b. the sum of all the vitamins a cell contains.
c. the sum of all the enzymes a cell contains.
d. the sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out.
e. the sum of all the ATP a cell contains.

Question 6 Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.
a. disorder
b. order
c. energy
d. work
e. heat

Question 7 What percentage of the energy stored in glucose are humans cells able to use to do useful work?
a. 37%
b. 100%
c. 15%
d. 52%
e. 48%

Question 8 What is activation energy?
a. the energy gained by living things, allowing them to remain active
b. the energy produced by the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
c. the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction
d. the energy created by enzymes during exergonic reactions
e. the energy lost by living things in the form of heat

Question 9 Which of the following is true of allosteric enzymes?
a. Their activity can be reduced when the product binds the enzyme.
b. Their activity can be reduced when a coenzyme binds to them.
c. Their activity can be reduced when the substrate binds the enzyme.
d. Their activity can be increased when the product binds the enzyme.

Question 10 Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?
a. They are made of proteins.
b. They are altered by the reactions they catalyze.
c. They increase the energy of activation of chemical reactions.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above is true.

Question 11 What is the energy currency of cells?
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c. energy that is being used; stored energy
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c. exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent
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Question 14 ADP + P + Energy --> ATP Which of the following is a true statement about the chemical reaction above?
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*************PLEASE ANSWER THIS ONLY IF YOU CAN ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS, PLEASE DO NOT JUST ANSWER 1 OR 2. THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!!*****************

1.) The chance that an individual in the United States will experience some form of cancer in his or her lifetime is

A) 1 in 3.

B) 1 in 10.

C) 1 in 25.

D) 1 in 1,000.

E) 1 in 10,000.

2) A DNA sequence that can be read the same backward and forward is called a(n)

A) repetitive code.

B) palindrome.

C) plasmid sequence.

D) DNA fingerprint.

E) exon.

3.) Organisms that can contain genes introduced from other species are referred to as

A) bacteria.

B) plasmids.

C) manipulated.

D) genomic.

E) transgenic

4.) Prior to genetic engineering, insulin for humans with insulin-dependent diabetes was extracted from pigs and cattle. Presently insulin is produced by transgenic

A) humans.

B) chickens.

C) viruses.

D) bacteria.

E) monkeys.

5.) Which one of the following human proteins, produced by transgenic bacteria, is used to prevent or break down blood clots?

A) insulin

B) tissue plasminogen activator

C) erythropoietin

D) growth hormone

E) factor VIII

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D) hemophilia.

E) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

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A) environmental chemicals (e.g., asbestos, pesticides, soot, coal tar)

B) tobacco smoke

C) ultraviolet light

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