10.Give the mechanism of action and the result for each of the following therapeutic agents used to treat type I hypersensitivity reactions.
a.antihistamines
b.cromolyn sodium
c.theophylline epinephrine
d.cortisone (10 marks)
11.Outline the events that occur in an asthma attack. How do steroids prevent asthma attacks? (5 marks)
12.How are transfusion reactions type II responses? What happens in a transfusion reaction? (5 marks)
13.Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. An individualâs exposure to this pathogen can be tested by injecting it into the skin. What type of reaction would you expect in an individual who had been exposed to M. tuberculosis? What is the principle behind this test? (5 marks)
14.Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 occurs in individuals with a mutation in a protein required for neutrophil extravasation. Patients with this condition usually do not live past childhood. Explain what they are susceptible to and the reasons behind the shortened lifespan. What could be done to treat people with this condition? (7 marks)
15.What is chronic inflammation and what are the causes? What cytokines when released can promote the development of chronic inflammation? (3 marks)
16.Discuss the links between Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. (6 marks)
10.Give the mechanism of action and the result for each of the following therapeutic agents used to treat type I hypersensitivity reactions.
a.antihistamines
b.cromolyn sodium
c.theophylline epinephrine
d.cortisone (10 marks)
11.Outline the events that occur in an asthma attack. How do steroids prevent asthma attacks? (5 marks)
12.How are transfusion reactions type II responses? What happens in a transfusion reaction? (5 marks)
13.Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. An individualâs exposure to this pathogen can be tested by injecting it into the skin. What type of reaction would you expect in an individual who had been exposed to M. tuberculosis? What is the principle behind this test? (5 marks)
14.Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 occurs in individuals with a mutation in a protein required for neutrophil extravasation. Patients with this condition usually do not live past childhood. Explain what they are susceptible to and the reasons behind the shortened lifespan. What could be done to treat people with this condition? (7 marks)
15.What is chronic inflammation and what are the causes? What cytokines when released can promote the development of chronic inflammation? (3 marks)
16.Discuss the links between Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. (6 marks)
