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1. Which do you think is more reliable for forensic testing, a variation in a DNA sequence, such as a SNP or STR, or a gene expression profile? Cite a reason for your answer.

2. Discuss ethical concerns that could arise from using a prisoner to arrest a relative based on shared DNA sequences.

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Deanna Hettinger
Deanna HettingerLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1) Multiple answer. Restriction endonucleases have a number ofcharacteristics, including:

a) They were primarily isolated from phage DNA, such asbacteriophage lambda.

b) They can cut palindromic DNA sequences.

c) They are used to digest a PCR product and a plasmid and withthe aid of ligase, can be used to generate recombinant DNA such asfor protein expression.

d) They hydrolyze recombinant DNA at the ribose base.

e) They have been primarily isolated from bacteria

2) True orfalse:In quantitative PCR(qPCR) the florescence is monitored in the course of a PCRamplification, do determine the CT, the cycle at which the signalexceeds a defined threshold, and is used for example to determinethe levels of mRNA in a cell.

3) True or false: DNA microarrays use the Sanger dideoxysequencing method to help monitor changes in gene expression, suchas analyses yeast gene expression under a range of conditions suchas heat shock, nitrogen depletion and amino acid starvation.

4) Multiple answer. When conducting PCR studies, which of thefollow may occur.

a) The PCR products are isolated using a polyacrylamide gel

b) RNA-based primers are designed an used to start thepolymerase reaction

c) After 30 cycles the original piece of DNA can be amplifiedabout a billion fold.

d) The PCR products are isolated using an agarose gel

e) The PCR method can be used in forensic science to determineif a sample, such as blood is from a certain individual.

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the promoter of your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently

The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein

The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome

The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon

The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

1.2 points

QUESTION 11

A competitive inhibitor is decreasing the activity of an enzyme. Predict the effect of adding more substrate to the reaction.

The substrate will increase the reaction rate by binding to the allosteric site

The substrate will increase the reaction rate by competing with the inhibitor for the active site

The reaction rate will not change unless the inhibitor can be removed

The enzyme adjusts its shape so that the substrate, but NOT the competitive inhibitor, can bind

The substrate will bind to the competitive inhibitor and block its ability to bind to the enzyme

1.2 points

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene

Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules

Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone

Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene

Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

1.2 points

QUESTION 13

What is the basic premise of cell theory?

DNA -> RNA -> protein

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

DNA provides the complete instructions to create a cell

The identity of a cell is determined through gene expression patterns

All cells contain the same four basic macromolecules

1.2 points

QUESTION 14

What is the benefit of using BOTH the lac activator and the lac repressor to control gene expression?

Using both an activator and repressor enables cells to more accurately determine the amount of lactose available in the environment

Enzymes to digest lactose are only made when energy is low and lactose is available

The activator can override the inhibition of the lac operon by the repressor

The repressor can control the enhancer, while the activator can control the promoter

When neither the lac activator or repressor is present, expression of the lac operon is too high

1.2 points

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted

Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins

Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form

Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur

The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

As you may know from previous courses, gene transcription begins with the assembly of the transcriptional machinery (TFIIA-H proteins) at the core promoter of genes. Where do you think core promoters are more likely to be located? Nucleosome DNA or Linker DNA?

Go ahead and formulate a hypothesis on the more likely location of core promoters of genes in DNA, and defend it with molecular biology arguments (in other words, why would one or the other be a preferred location for core promoters, based on what you know about nucleosome DNA and linker DNA?).

Then, I want you to imagine that you have access to a standard molecular genetics lab, and I want you to propose an experimental test of your hypothesis. You don’t need to get too technical, just a description of how you would design an experiment that tests your hypothesis, indicating samples, treatments, and the measurements or readouts that that you plan to take. Your imaginary lab has the following equipment:

1) Antibodies for immunoprecipitation: these are molecules that can bind to several kinds of proteins, and allow you to physically pull them down (along with anything that is bound to them). In this case, imagine that you have access to antibodies that allow you to separate any proteins bound to DNA and isolate them along with any DNA bound to them!!

2)DNA sequencer: a machine that allows you to “read” the sequence of a given DNA sample.

3)Core promoter sequences: Information about what a typical core promoter sequence looks like.

So go ahead and design an experiment using any combination of one or more of the resources listed above, and do not forget to describe what results you expect to see, should your hypothesis be correct.

Your submission should be 200 words or fewer,

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