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When electrons are passed down the electron transport chain in the mitochondria during respiration (or in the chloroplast during photosystem II), the series of redox reactions that carry the electrons along gradually lose energy. Where does this energy go? It is…

a)lost as heat.

b)used to move protons (H+) across a membrane, against their concentration gradient.

c)used to make NADH in mitochondria or NADPH in chloroplasts.

d)used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

I believe the answer is D but I'm not sure

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Bunny Greenfelder
Bunny GreenfelderLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

A.

Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.

B.

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.

C.

Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

Question 2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

A.

They produce glucose

B.

The energy is coupled to oxygen

C.

They produce ATP

Question 3

During redox reactions

A.

the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction

B.

electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance

C.

protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule

Question 4

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

A.

gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen

B.

loss of electrons; gain of electrons

C.

gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 5

During cellular respiration, NADH

A.

delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.

B.

is chemically converted into ATP

C.

is the final electron acceptor

Question 6

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

A.

the citric acid cycle only.

B.

glycolysis only

C.

the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

A.

glycolysis

B.

the citric acid cycle

C.

electron transport chain

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

A.

production of CO2

B.

a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule

C.

conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

Q1:

Enzymes are essential for the conversion of organic molecules in biochemical pathways. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Enzymes reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Enzymes are catalysts and appear unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Enzymes change the equilibrium of a reaction.

Enzymes form a complex with the substrate.

Enzymes facilitate both the conversion of substrates into products and of products into substrates.

Q2:

NADH and NADPH are important energy carriers in biochemical pathways. Which of the following statements about these compounds is incorrect?

NADP+ is reduced by two electrons (involving 2 protons) from photosystem I to form NADPH + H+.

NADH is produced both during glycolysis and in the TCA cycle.

NADH feeds electrons into the respiratory chain of mitcohondria, which are ultimately used to form water.

In the absence of oxygen NADH produced during glycolysis is reoxidised by formation of lactate from pyruvate or by formation of ethanol from acetaldehyde (fermentation).

The majority of NADH produced during oxidation of glucose (in the presence of oxygen) is generated during glycolysis.

Q3:

The respiratory chain converts the reducing power of NADH into the production of ATP. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Electrons are passed through the respiratory chain in a way to optimise the production of heat.

The complexes of the respiratory chain use the energy of redox reactions to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The ATP synthase uses the protonmotive force to synthesize ATP.

The principle of energy conversion by respiratory chain and ATP synthase is called “chemiosmosis”.

The electrons from NADH are passed along the respiratory chain in a number of redox reactions mostly involving complexes

The electron transport chain of the light reactions is responsible for energy coupling. Which statement correctly describes the energy coupling that occurs here?

_____________________

__ The electrons will decrease in potential energy as they are passed along, and this will be used to power the active transport of hydrogen ions.
__ The reduction of oxygen at the bottom of the electron transport chain will release energy, and this will be used to synthesize ATP.
__ The conversion of NADP+ into NADPH will release energy, and this will be used to reduce carbon dioxide into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
__ The facilitated diffusion of water across the thylakoid membrane will release energy, and this will be used to generate an electrochemical gradient of electrons.

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