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8)Clostridium perfringens may be found as a part of the normalflora in: a) Mouth b) Intestines c) Lungs d) Urinary tract e)Wounds

10)Foreign substances that induce a specific immune responseafter gaining entrance to the body are termed: a) Antigens b)Antibodies c) Cytolysins d) Complement e) None o the above

11)Essential prperties of an antigen are: a) It must be foreignto the host b) It must be degradable by the host c) It must be alarge molecule and possess at least two different determinantgroups d) It must posses a three-dimentional or tertiary structuree) All of the above

13)quantitatively the largest class of immunoglobulins in humanserum is: a) IgG b) IgA c) IgM d) IgD e)IgE

14)Which of the following statements are applicable to IgMimmunoglobulins: a) They are the antibodies first to be detectedafter injection of an antigen b) In the presence of complement,they are highly lethal to gram-negative bacteria c) They play animportant protective role during the early stages of infection d)All of the above e) None of the above

16)Today antiserum is mainly used for: a) Temporary preventionof certain viral infections b) Neutralization of certain potentbacterial toxins c) Treatment of hepatitis patients d) Only A and Babove e) None of the above

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Hubert Koch
Hubert KochLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

1)Mechanims by which antibiotics kill or inhibit microbialgrowth are: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis b) Injury of cellmembrane c) Inhibition of protein synthesis d) Inhibition of DNA orRNA synthesis e) All of the above

2)The semisynthetic methicillin has the advantage of: a) Beingbroad spectrum b) Being inactivated by penicillanse only onprolonged usage c) Not being affected by penicillinase d) All ofthe above e) None of the above

3)Which of the following interfere with cell wall synthesis? a)Chloramphenicol b) Tetracyclines c) Penicillin d) Bacitracin e)Only C and D above

4)A rare but serious complication of chloramphenicol treatmentis: a) Kidney damage b) deafness due to damage of eight cranialnerve c) Anemia due to suppression of bone marrow cells d0 Anemiadue to destruction of circulationg red blood cells e) None of theabove

5)The development of drug resistance in a microorganism may bedue to: a) Abilty of the organism to destroy the abtibioticb)mutation that allows the organism to by-pass the sensitive stepc)Sporulation d)All of the above e) Only A and B above

6)The synthesis of vitamins B and K by enteric bacteria providesan example: a) Commensalism b) Symbiosis c) Opportunism d)Infection e) synegestic effect

7)The normal habotat of Staphylococcus aureus may be: a) Urinarytract b) stomach c) Healthy tissues d) nose, throat, and skin e)Scalp

8)Clostridium perfringens may be found as a part of the normalflora in: a) Mouth b) Intestines c) Lungs d) Urinary tract e)Wounds

9)A disease constantly present in a locality is said to be: a)Endemic b) Epidemic c) Pandemic d) Sporadic e) Reservoir

10)Foreign substances that induce a specific immune responseafter gaining entrance to the body are termed: a) Antigens b)Antibodies c) Cytolysins d) Complement e) None o the above

11)Essential prperties of an antigen are: a) It must be foreignto the host b) It must be degradable by the host c) It must be alarge molecule and possess at least two different determinantgroups d) It must posses a three-dimentional or tertiary structuree) All of the above

12)Based on antigenic differences inH chains, antibodies havebeen divided into the following classes: a) IgG and Iga b) IgM andIgD c0 Ige d) all of the above e)None of the above

13)quantitatively the largest class of immunoglobulins in humanserum is: a) IgG b) IgA c) IgM d) IgD e)IgE

14)Which of the following statements are applicable to IgMimmunoglobulins: a) They are the antibodies first to be detectedafter injection of an antigen b) In the presence of complement,they are highly lethal to gram-negative bacteria c) They play animportantnprotective role during the early stags of infection d)All of the above e) None of the above

15)Antibodies are chiefly produced by: a) Lymphocytes b)Eosinophilis c) Erythrocutes d) Polymorphonuclear neutrophils e)None of the above

16)Today antiserum is mainly used for: a) Temporary preventionof certain viral infections b) Neutralization of certain potentbacterial toxins c) Treatment of hepatitis patients d) Only A and Babove e) None of the above

17)antiserum may be described as: a) Blood serum that containsantibodies b) Blood serum that contains antigens c) Blood serumthat contain an antibiotic d) Bovine blood serum prior to injectionof an antigen e) None of the above

18)The sources of antiserum are: a) Chemical synthesis in thelaboratory b) Blood from animal that has developed antibodies to aspecific antigen c) Gamma globulin separatd from pooled human bloodd) All of the above e) Only B and C above

19)The major advantage of antiserum is: a) It is quickly andeasily produced b)It provides circulationg antibodies immediatelyc) It can be administered orally d) All of the above e) none of theabove

20) A viral vaccine for the common cold probably would not bebeneficial because: a) A pure culture cannot be frown in tissuecultures b) A multiplicity of viral agents is responsible for thecoomon cold c) Immunity is of brief duration d) All of the above e)None of the above

QuestionGroup: #51 Innate immune 1

Assigned as

Homework

51

What is the name of a chemical substance responsible for stimulating an immune response?

A

Pathogen

B

Rotomers

C

Antigen

D

Antibody

E

Troll receptor

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QuestionGroup: #52 Innate immune2

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52

What is the purpose of secondary metabolites produced by normal flora in your body?

A

To aid T cells in fighting local infection

B

To kill infected B cells

C

To help balance electrolytes

D

To inhibit adhesion, and growth of the certain microbes

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QuestionGroup: #53 Innate immune3

Assigned as

Homework

53

The lysozyme removes most bacteria in our foods through the saliva in our mouth, how does it do this?

A

The lysozyme attacks the bacteria through the blood.

B

The lysozyme are not strong enough to get rid of bacteria.

C

The lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharide walls of different bacteria.

D

The lysozyme will tell your body to get rid of the bacteria by vomiting.

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QuestionGroup: #54 Adapt immune 1

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54

In adaptive immunology, the key component is which of the following?

A

Antigen trigger the the production of vaccines.

B

Antibodies will trigger responses in the antigen which will cause an inflamation.

C

Antigens trigger responses of the antibodies which will recognize the antigen.

D

Antibodies will be able to recognize other antibodies and destroy them.

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QuestionGroup: #55 Adapt immune2

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Homework

55

An autoimmune induced disorder is...?

A

When the body's immune system attacks a tissue or organ in the body

B

When the immune system is not present

C

When the body attacks the antigens and antibodies of the immune system

D

When the autonomic nervous system attacks the antigen and antibodies of the immune system

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QuestionGroup: #56 Adapt immune3

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56

Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins and constitute part of the blood proteins. How do antibodies work?

A

Agglutination-- they just clump with each other (blocking antigen)

B

Precipitation-- force insolubility and settled out of solution along with antigens

C

Complement fixation-- proteins attach to antigen surface (causing cell lysis)

D

Neutralization-- bind to specific sites to prevent antigen attachment

E

All of the above

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QuestionGroup: #57 Infectious disease

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57

The most deadly STD is HIV, but many other viruses can be deadly. Name the most common sexually transmitted infection.

A

Genital human parisis virus (GHPV)

B

Herpes Simplex

C

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

D

Human pappathe virus tentis (HPVT)

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QuestionGroup: #58 Infectious disease2

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Homework

58

Microbes have developed an array of weapons to be able to go from host to host. These virulent factors are divided into several groups, but one important group is the one produced by bacteria. Name the subgroups within this bacterial group.

A

Retretoxin and maitotoxin

B

Retretoxin and butotoxin

C

Endotoxins and exotoxins

D

Lipotoxin and exotoxin

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QuestionGroup: #59 Infectious disease3

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59

Sexually transmitted diseases are very successful at spreading from one person to another. Name one important reason for this fact.

A

Mucous membranes use B cells only and are resistant to antigens

B

Mucous membranes in the sex organs differ from those of the skin in that they allow certain pathogens into the body

C

STDs are transmitted through sex only

D

STDs are usually caused by viruses

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QuestionGroup: #60 HIV/ AIDS

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Homework

60

HIV has which of the following characteristics?

A

It has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase which causes the DNA to reverse the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA.

B

It is a retrovirus meaning that it reverses the order of protein production in that the virus affects the DNA in the cell to make the protein.

C

It is an anti-retrovirus meaning that it attacks the DNA causing the development of new HIV particles.

D

It has a short incubation period which means that the symptoms show up also immediately after infection.

1. Select which of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to avoid host defenses and to successfully colonize the host.

A. Producing siderphores to obtain iron from the host for growth

B. producing adhesins for damaging host cells

C. Avoiding IgA proteases for avoiding secretory IgA

D. Avoiding secretory IgA by rapid turnover of pili

E. Producing toxic substances to suppress host responses

2. People considered obese have a different normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract compared to people who are considered lean.

A. true

B. false

3. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by pathogens for avoiding or surviving phagocytosis?

A. Killing macrophages and neutrophils

B. Colonizing the phagocyte

C. inhibiting opsonization

D. Inhibiting phagocte chemotaxis

E. these are all methods of avoiding or surviving phagocytosis

4.Which of the following immune responses is best suited to prevent a virus from infecting a cell?

A. complement cascade

B. inflammation

C. Virus-specific antibodies

D. Fever

E. phagocytic cells

5. Which of the following is NOT a method used by pathogens for penetrating skin or mucous membranes?

A. Injection of effector proteins that induce endocytosis

B. Exploiting antigen-sampling processes

C. these are all mechanisms for penetrating skin or mucous membranes

D. Exploiting an injury

E. Production of endotoxin

6. Antibodies, which are produced as part of the adaptive immune response, can sometimes be damaging rather than beneficial. People suffering from an autoimmune disease called antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) make antibodies that bind to phospholipids. Some of the signs and symptoms affected individuals experience are blood clots, stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage. What is the likely cause of these symptoms?

A. the anti-phospholipid antibodies cuse immune complexes that lodge in the affected organs

B. The person fails to make protective antibodies

C. The anti-phospholipid antibodies weaken certain organs that contain fat

D. the person makes antibodies that bind inappropriately to bacterial capsules, preventing phagocytosis of these cells

E. Cell damage caused by binding of these antibodies initates inappropriate coagulation events which inferfere with blood flow in affected organs.

7. Only Gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins

A. true

B. False

8. Which of the following members of the normal microbiota inhibit the growth of Candida albicans?

A. Lactobacilus species

B. Staphylococci species

C. E. coli

D. Neisseria species

E. Propionibacterium species

9. Would an antibody response against the B subunit of an A-B toxin protect against the effects of the toxin?

A. yes. if antibodies bind to the B protion, the toxin can no longer bind to target cells and will thus not affect those cells

B. No, even if antibodies bindto the B portion of the toxin, it is the A portion that actually causes damage to the cell

C. This question cannot be answer. The immune system does not mount a strong response against proteins, so this situation is unlikely to occur.

D. Yes, if antibodies bind to the B protein, that portion of the toxin does not become activated, and thus does not damage the host cell

E. No, even if antiibodies bind to the B portion of the toxin, the toxin is still taken into the host cell by phagocytosis, damaging that cell

10. Please select the correct definition of balanced pathogenicity.

A. A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host, causing maximal harm. The pathogen becomes more virulent while the host becomes increasingly susceptible.

B. A mechanism that allows bacteria to transfer gene products directly into host cells, inducing changes such as altering the cell's cytoskeleton structure

C. A generated balance in the microbiome that may be caused by taking antimicrobial medication. it generally helps the host maintain optimal health

D. A situation in which an abnormally high number of T-helper cells are stimulated, causing a massive release of cytokines.

E. A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host while causing minimal harm. The pathogen becomes less virulent while the host becomes less susceptible

11. Bacteria may survive phagocytosis by

A. preventing encounters with phagocytes AND preventing fusion of two pathogosomes

B. avoiding recognition and attachment of lymphocytes AND lysinf the phagosomes

C. preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules

D. lysing the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules

E. preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND lysing the phagosome

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