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1. Peroxisome can perform preparatory steps to gainenergy(T/F)

2. How would you selectively label nucleic acids incell?

3.Which of the following correctly lists the order inwhich cellular components will be found in the pellet whenhomogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spind in acentrifuge?
a.ribosome.nucleus.mitochondria
b.chloroplast.ribosome.vacuole
c.nucleus.ribosome.chloroplast
d.vacuole ribosome.nucleus
e.nucleus.mitochondria.ribosome

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Tod Thiel
Tod ThielLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Question 1


Which of the following provides the best description of adifference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?.l.14.3>

The cell membrane of prokaryotic cells contains proteins, whilethe cell membrane of eukaryotic cells contains only lipids andcarbohydrates.

The DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in the nucleus, whilethe DNA in prokaryotic cells is not separated from the rest of thecell’s contents.

Eukaryotic cells have cell walls that consist mainly of sugars,while prokaryotic cells do not.

Prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts and mitochondria, whileeukaryotic cells do not contain specialized organelles.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is a process involving the breakdown ofglucose molecules in order to generate energy for cellularactivities. Given the general reaction below, which of thefollowing best describes the products labeled x andy?

C6H12O6 + O2 → _x___+ __y___ + energy.l.18.8>

The products are CO (carbon monoxide) andH2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), which thendecompose into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water(H2O).

The products are H2O (water) and CO2 (carbondioxide), which then undergo anaerobic respiration.

The products are CO2 (carbon dioxide) andH2O (water), which then become the reactants forphotosynthesis.

The products are O2 (oxygen) and H2O(water), which are then used for growth and to keep the organismhydrated.

Question 3

If a researcher added a quantity of phospholipid molecules to abeaker of water, what would be most likely to happen to theorientation of the phospholipid molecules?.l.14.2>

They would break apart, and the remaining lipid tails wouldfloat up and form a layer on the surface of the water.

Their lipid tails would align within a spherical double layerwith their phosphate heads in the water inside and outside thesphere.

They would form a single-layered sphere with the phosphate headspointing outward and the lipid tails pointing inward.

Their lipid tails would adhere to the glass of the beaker andtheir phosphate heads would float in the water.

Question 4

While looking at a cell under a microscope, a scientist is ableto see a biological molecule. This molecule is a nucleic acid witha ladder structure and contains the nitrogenous bases adenine,thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Based on this information, whatconclusion can the scientist draw regarding this nucleicacid?.l.18.1>

The nucleic acid is RNA and would be found in the cell’snucleus.

The nucleic acid is RNA and would be found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleic acid is DNA and would be found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleic acid is DNA and would be found in the cell’snucleus.

Question 5


Which of the following is needed for cellular respiration tooccur?.l.18.8>

Sodium

Oxygen

Water

Nitrogen

Question 6


What would be the most likely effect if the side chain of an aminoacid group was unable to vary its structure?.l.18.4>

The organism would not be able to make and store starches.

The organism would not be able to process glucose moleculeseffectively.

The organism would not be able to regulate the creation ofspecialized cells.

The organism would not be able to make more than one type ofprotein.

Question 7


During photosynthesis, unused oxygen atoms form oxygen gas(O2) which is released as a waste product. How did theseoxygen atoms originally enter the plant?.l.18.7>

They were part of the ATP molecules gathered by thechloroplasts.

They were part of the sugar molecules(C6H12O6) the plant brought in forfood.

They were part of the carbon dioxide (CO2) moleculesthat entered through the leaves.

They were part of the water molecules (H2O) pulled inthrough the roots.

Question 8


Which of the following organelles houses DNA in eukaryoticcells?.l.14.3>

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

Mitochondrium

Question 9


M. J. Schleiden shifted the scientific community's attention tocellular processes with his.l.14.1>

attention to disproving spontaneous generation

publication of ideas on cell generation

theories on the division of cells

claim that cells were the basic unit of all plant matter

Question 10


While the average human is able to hold his or her breath forapproximately one minute, a whale can dive for over 30 minuteswithout returning to the surface. Which of the following correctlydescribes this difference?.l.18.10>

Whales need less energy than humans.

Whales gather energy from their environment better thanhumans.

Whales are able to tolerate the products of cellular respirationbetter than humans.

Whales have a slower cellular respiration metabolism rate thanhumans.

Question 11


What can you conclude about the advantage of the cell membranehaving hydrophobic ends in the phospholipid bilayer?.l.18.3>

The cell requires the ability to digest and eliminateenzymes.

The cell requires a barrier between itself and itsenvironment.

The cell requires a means to store starches and glucose.

The cell requires a structure for eliminating waste.

Question 12


What would be the most likely outcome if the ribosomes of a cellwere damaged and stopped functioning?.l.14.3>

The cell would lose structure and shape.

Cell growth and repair would slow or stop.

Cell waste would no longer be processed.

The cell would produce more mitochondria.


Please answer questions at the end.

In this lab, you will add different volumes of “cell-free supernatant” (CFS) to fresh cultures of V. harveyi and observe bioluminescence. The CFS is prepared by culturing V. harveyi in liquid medium overnight, then separating the cells from the supernatant by centrifugation.

MATERIALS • overnight culture of V. harveyi in AB medium • fresh AB medium • 1 microcentrifuge tube • 3 glass culture tubes

PROCEDURE

1. This experiment will be performed with your lab group. Label the microcentrifuge tube and 3 glass cultures tubes with your group number. Also, label the 3 glass culture tubes as follows: “Media only,” “Cells+fresh media,” and “Cells+CFS.”

2. Using aseptic technique, pipet different volumes of fresh AB medium into the glass tubes as follows: 1 mL in the “Media only” tube, 800 ul in the “Cells+fresh media” tube, and 500 ul in the “Cells+CFS” tube.

3. Pipet 500 ul of the overnight culture into a microcentrifuge tube and centrifuge at maximum speed (>13,000 x g) for 5 min to pellet the cells.

4. After centrifugation is complete, transfer 300 ul of the cell free supernatant (CFS) from the microfuge tube to the glass tube labeled “Cells+CFS”. Be careful to avoid the cell pellet.

5. Remove the remaining supernatant from the microfuge tube using a micropipette and discard as culture waste.

6. Add 500 ul of fresh AB medium to the cell pellet in the microfuge tube and pipet up and down to resuspend until no clumps are visible.

7. Add 200 ul of the cell suspension to the “Cells+fresh media” tube and 200 ul of the cell suspension to the “Cells+CFS” tube. Note the time.

8. Place the 2 glass tubes containing cells in the 30 degree incubator/shaker.

9. After 1 hour and 2 hours, observe your tubes next to the “Media only” tube in a dark room. You will need to let your eyes adjust for at least 30 seconds (count to 30 slowly in the dark) before you can evaluate whether the cultures are luminescent or not. Also, make sure you try swirling the tubes in the darkroom and observe the tubes for a minute after you have stopped swirling. After the observation at the 1 hour time point, put your tubes back in the incubator shaker until the 2 hour time point.

10. Note your observations. At the end of the lab, place your tubes in the tube waste.

Questions

1. What were the expected results? Explain the rationale of the experiment. If you didn’t obtain the expected results, hypothesize why not and describe how the experiment could be improved.

2. What are differences between luminescence and fluorescence?

3. Why do V. harveyi cultures glow more brightly when swirled vigorously? Be specific.

4. Imagine you have a mutant V. harveyi strain that can’t synthesize autoinducer and another mutant V. harveyi strain that makes a defective luciferase. If you streaked both strains near (but not touching) each other on the same plate, would you expect to see light produced? If so, by which strain, where, and why?

5. You have two identical tubes of wild-type V. harveyi (with the same cell concentration in each tube) in fresh media. To one tube, you add CFS from a light-producing V. fischeri culture, and to the other tube you add an equal volume of fresh media. If both tubes of V. harveyi have the same light production, what can you conclude? Explain.

6. Many biomedical research labs study quorum sensing in V. fischeri or V. harveyi. How is studying light production in marine bacteria relevant to human health? List at least 3 different examples.

7. Why do you think it is important for bacteria to be able to control the expression of some genes based on the number of individuals present?


1. Name two similarities and two differences between thecellular processes of importing

protein into the ER and importing protein to the nucleus.

2. What proteins are directly involved in the transportation ofcargo in a clathrin-coated

vesicle?

a. Dynamin

b. Adaptins

c. Cargo receptors

d. t SNARES

3. Suppose a cell was treated with colchiine, a drug causingmicrotubule disassembly.

What would happen within the cell? Why?

Suppose there were a genetic defect in the genes that code forkinesins and dyneins.

What would happen within the cell? Why?

4. Which of the following are true about microtubules?

a. They are utilized by the disease causing bacteriaLysteria.

b. Instability in the minus-end of the microtubule is caused bythe hydrolization of GTP.

c. Centrosomes contain binding sites for microtubules composed atype of tubulin ring.

d. Cellular concentrations of tubulin are above the criticalconcentration for plus-end

polymerization.

e. Motor proteins can attach organelles to the microtubules.

5. Indicate which of the following statements are false:

a. Membrane fusion is energetically unfavorable and thusrequires ATP or similar high

energy molecule to occur

b. Clathrin is responsible for capturing specific molecules fortransport in coated vesicle

structures.

c. Receptor proteins that are incorporated into an endosome canbe retrieved back to the

membrane domain it originated from; can return to a new domainof the membrane; or

can enter the lysosome for digestion.

d. Transport vesicles occasionally bud from the trans Golginetwork to fuse with the

plasma membrane in a process called constitutive exocytosis.

e. Most components of the endocytic vesicle membrane eventuallyare returned to the

plasma membrane for reuse.

6. Match the following organelles with their function:

Organelle Bank:

a. Mitochondria

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Nucleus

d. Lysosome

e. Endosome

f. Peroxisome

g. Golgi apparatus

_____ quality control of mRNA

_____ location of oxidative phosphorylation

_____ responsible for detoxifying organic molecules (livercells)

_____ houses and protects genetic material

_____ responsible for modification and sorting of proteins andlipids

_____ location of ATP synthesis

_____ responsible for sorting endocytosed materials

_____ site of degradation and digestion

_____ responsible for oxidizing toxic molecules

_____ location of lipid synthesis

_____ location of hormone synthesis (adrenal cells)

B. Which organelle(s) from the above list communicate(s) withother organelle(s)

through the use of vesicular transport? ________________

C. Which organelle(s) from the above list receive proteins madein the

cytosol?___________________

D. Through which organelle(s) must proteins pass to reach theorganelle(s) which do not

receive proteins made exclusively in thecytosol?______________

E. Entrance into which organelle(s) requires that proteinsunfold and snake through the

membrane? _________________

F. How do organelles maintain their position in the cytosol? Bespecific.

G. Give 2 advantages that eukaryotic cells gain by havingorganelles.

7. Which of the following statements are true regardingactin?

a. They are arranged in a

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