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Research a specific infectious outbreak in history and shareyour finding with your classmates. Be sure to include the followinginformation in your initial post (one paragraph): • Disease name •Infectious agent (is the disease bacterial, viral, fungal?) • Modeof transmission • Signs and symptoms of the disease • Treatment (ortreatments) available • Try not to duplicate another classmate'stopic.

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Reid Wolff
Reid WolffLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

We discuss three acellular infectious agents in this module – viruses, prions and viroids. Infection by any one of these can have serious consequences to human health and/or economic wellbeing. In the event of an outbreak, it is important to be able to identify and contain these pathogens to avoid potentially deadly outbreaks. Your assignment is to choose one of the three infectious agents and consider the epidemiological features of your selection. By epidemiological features we mean: Can you characterize the causative organism? Where does the disease come from? Who is affected? How do they acquire the pathogen? What are the symptoms and risk factors? How is the disease dealt with once it is discovered in order to prevent its spread? You can choose one pathogen based on the general scenario described below.

For this assignment you now work for the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agriculture Research Service. You have been assigned to characterize a new epidemic that has spread rapidly at a farm in Montana. You arrive at the farm observe the livestock, crops and farm workers for signs of illness. You sample the fluids and tissue of several affected organisms and bring them to a state-of-the-art USDA laboratory for analysis. The outbreak is fictional but all the information – from the organism, to how it is acquired, to the symptoms it causes – should be legitimate for the infectious agent. I have intentionally left out these and other details in the scenario. You will fill in the details in your essay by addressing the following questions.

What is the affected organism (animal/plant/human or any combination)?

What are the symptoms exhibited by the affected organism(s)?

What is the pathogen that you have identified after analysis of the infected material?

How where you able to identify the agent in a laboratory?

Describe the etiology. How did the infection make its way to the farm?

Trace the fictional outbreak from its origins either locally, nationally or internationally.

Knowing how the infectious agent is disseminated, what recommendations do you make to the farm manager for containment and treatment of infected organisms?

Please visit the Excelsior Library to find at least 3 suitable citations to support the information you provide as you portray this outbreak.

Your essay should be 2-3 pages in length, double spaced in a 10-12 point font. Please be sure to cite all sources of information, including the text book, in the essay text and on a reference page using APA format. When you have finished your essay, attach it to the assignment drop box and submit it to your instructor.

44.Charlotte touches a doorknob after an individual with MRSA touched the doorknob. Immediately after touching the knob, Charlotte scratches her leg and transmits some MRSA cells into a small wound.The doorknob is functioning as a(n) a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission. b. reservoir. d. host. 44.A man infected with a viral respiratory infection sneezes and releases tiny droplets containing viral particles. Two minutes later, a woman breathes in some of these tiny droplets and becomes infected by the same viral infection. The movement of this virus from one individual to another is best described as the a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission. b. reservoir. d. host. 45. Although sporadic outbreaks of measles occur in the United States, the disease is considered nonendemic. What differentiates measles from endemic diseases, such as chickenpox? a. Endemic diseases exhibit higher numbers of cases than a sporadic outbreak. b. Diseases that are not endemic lack a reservoir in the area. c. Endemic diseases do not exhibit sporadic outbreaks. d. Diseases that are not endemic remain in reservoirs without infecting humans. 46. Which of the following would indicate efforts to control a disease are working? a. The disease becomes endemic. b. The disease prevalence increases. c. The disease incidence decreases. d. Outbreaks of the disease only occur every other year. 47. Which of the following statements describes one of the three steps of surveillance used for infectious diseases? a. Patients with infectious diseases are required to be seen by a physician at the CDC. b. Physicians are required to submit all patient records electronically to the CDC for review. c. Patient charts are reviewed by an infection control practitioner when an infectious disease is suspected. d. Incidence data is collected in all cases of bacterial infections within the United States. 48. Which of the following lists correctly identifies nosocomial infections from most common to least common? a. urinary tract, pneumonia, septicemia b. pneumonia, urinary tract, surgical wounds c. septicemia, surgical wounds, diarrhea d. diarrhea, urinary tract, pneumonia 49. Mary, an elderly woman with an indwelling catheter, is admitted to a local hospital for treatment of pneumonia. Three days after her admission, Mary’s husband receives a call from the hospital. He is informed that Mary has a nosocomial infection. Which of the following statements is true? a. The nosocomial infection referred to is pneumonia. b. Mary has most likely developed a urinary tract infection. c. Of all hospital patients, 25–30% develop nosocomial infections. d. Mary’s nosocomial infection could have been prevented with improved ventilation. 50. A nurse working in a large hospital harbors MRSA as part of the normal microbiota in his nose. He is most likely the source of a MRSA outbreak if a. infected patients have all had been cared for by this nurse and the isolates are identical. b. the patients are all elderly and the isolates of MRSA are not genetically identical. c. all of the infected patients were seen by the same physician and half of the patients were cared for by this nurse. d. all of the infected patients are on the same floor of the hospital and all have a history of heart problems. 51. Which of the following is NOT an example of aseptic technique? a. use of antiseptic on skin prior to insertion of an IV line b. use of latex gloves during the insertion of an indwelling catheter c. disinfection of doorknobs and other inert surfaces d. use of trash can liners in all patient rooms 52. An individual case of diphtheria, a notifiable infectious disease, in a patient in Florida is confirmed by laboratory testing. This patient’s physician would be required to a. send a letter to the WHO in Geneva, Switzerland. b. contact the CDC in Atlanta, Georgia. c. treat the patient regardless of health insurance status. d. quarantine the patient for eight weeks. 53. Fifteen individuals within one province in China are diagnosed with SARS. Epidemiologists will most likely a. quarantine the entire province immediately. b. contact the CDC in the United States to see if any cases were reported in the United States. c. wait to see if more cases of SARS are reported. d. try to identify the index case. 54. How does vaccinating wild rodents or poultry influence human health? a. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry has no effect on human health. b. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry reduces transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. c. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry reduces the migration of microbes into temperate regions. d. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry increases the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. 55. Which of the following scenarios would help meet the goal of the One Health Initiative? a. vaccinating poultry against avian influenza to prevent influenza from being transmitted to humans b. taking steps to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to reduce the effects of climate change c. providing sanitation after flooding events to prevent gastrointestinal infections in humans d. increasing compliance during antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis patients to prevent emergence of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis 56. If humans continue to develop rapid transportation systems into more parts of the world, we should expect to see a. pandemics tracing the path of the transportation systems. b. an increase in detection of blood-borne pathogens. c. a decrease in human encroachment into tropical rain forests. d. an increase in the spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. 57. How has the AIDS pandemic influenced reemerging diseases? a. AIDS has increased the number of immunocompromised individuals who are susceptible to diseases that were previously declining in developed countries. b. AIDS has led to an increase in the number of disease vectors throughout the world. c. AIDS has increased the prevalence of protozoal and parasitic infections that were declining in underdeveloped countries. d. AIDS has caused evolution to occur in diseases that were close to being eradicated in all countries. 58. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of climate change? a. Insect vectors will migrate from tropical regions to once-temperate regions. b. Gastrointestinal infections will decrease in tropical regions. c. Microbes currently found in temperate regions will move to tropical regions. d. Extreme weather will decrease and diseases will become less seasonal. 59. What features would allow a virus to be used effectively as a bioweapon? a. a high infectious dose c. person-to-person transmission b. transmission via an insect vector d. quick pathogen detection systems

Provides substantial and thoughtful response, reflection – in-depth and detailed for the following post. Please don't copy past from the web

Mumps was common in World War I many troop members caught this infectious disease which leads them to hospitalization. It is also important to remember that even those who are vaccinated are still at risk for developing mumps. Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease that has continued to spread globally. This viral infection affects the parotid glands which produces saliva and are located below and in front of your ears. If you or your child develops Mumps, it can cause swelling of one or both parotid glands. Mumps outbreaks were extremely common in the United States until vaccination became routine. Since then the number of cases has dropped significantly in the United States but is still a problem in other regions of the world.

Mumps is rarely life threatening illness, but it can cause a serious discomfort in those infected. The swelling of the parotid gland lasts over a week, and it can affect feeling in the jaw. Orchitis, or inflammation of one or both testicles, is commonly seen in male patients who have reached puberty but rarely causes sterility. Low-grade fevers, headaches, and general malaise are common complaints, with a small percentage of patients displaying symptoms of viral meningitis. Rare cases of mumps can cause infection of the brain, and inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord. Other complications also include arthritis, kidney and pancreases problems, deafness, and inflammation of the ovaries.

Although there is no specific treatment for mumps, it can be prevented with the vaccine. The vaccine after exposure has not been found to be protective. However, only 120 countries have the vaccine for Mumps, and that leaves countries without it suffering and could lead to serious health problems. One country that does not have this vaccine is India, and there has been a rapid growth in Mumps over the years, and it is mainly affecting children. Mumps outbreaks or sporadic cases have been periodically reported from the States of Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. India is very limited on information and data regarding mumps. The cost of the vaccine for India would offset the burden of this infectious disease.

China is one country that has a vaccination for mumps this came out in 2008 since then mumps have decreased. Except 2013-2015 a natural epidemic pattern of mumps has slightly changed making the vaccine less affective than before. During this period studies showed that mumps had decreased among teens/children and had increased in adults. These recent outbreaks have caused wide concerns regarding the vaccine and how affective it is.

In conclusion, mumps is a disease that has been around for decades. It also has the potential to have sporadic outbreaks, and it mainly affects children. In the emerging world, not all vaccines work because our bodies get used to the disease and also it can change naturally during the time. With the progression of modern technology, we can only hope that we find a way to prevent mumps altogether. Mumps is not the most serious disease, but it can cause pain and has the potential to be extremely dangerous.

Citations:

Burnett, M. (2017). An ongoing series.

Paul, S. (2017). Investigating Mumps Outbreak in Odisha, India: An Opportunity to Assess the Health System by Utilizing the Essential Public Health Services Framework.

A. C. (2017). Mumps Epidemiology and Mumps Virus Genotypes Circulating in Mainland China during 2013-2015.

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