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Which of the following concentration gradients has the greatest chemical driving force?

a. A concentration of 10 mM in the ICF and 5 mM in the ECF

b. A concentration of 70 mM in the ICF and 260 mM in the ECF

c. A concentration of 50 mM in the ICF and 250 mM in the ECF

d. A concentration of 100 mM in the ICF and 20 mM in the ECF

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25 Jun 2019
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You start with a 75 mM pNPP solution. You add 350 mL of this solution to prepare a 3500 mL master mix. You then add 10 uL of the master mix cocktail and dilute it to 100 uL total volume. The final concentration of the pNPP is:

a. 7.5 mM

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d. 750 mM

When a neurotransmitter opens a ligand-gated channel to an unknown ion+ and nochange in the membrane potential of –60 mV is observed, then the unknown ion+(assume that [K+]out=12 mM, [K+]in=120 mM, [Na+]out=140 mM, and [Na+]in=14 mM):

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The kinetics of an enzyme is measured as a function of substrate concentration in the presence and absence of 2 mM inhibitor. The data from the experiments are shown below: [S] (uM) Vo ( uM/min ) Vo ( uM/min ) with 2 mM inhibitor.

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