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PSYCHOLOGY Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Item Number

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School
Central University of South Bihar - CUSB
Department
Psychology
Course
PSYCHOLOGY
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Document Summary

This test was developed by psy-com services. it is based upon the map series which measures. It measures five dimensions of psychiatric symptoms of anxiety. These are:- tension(tn), guilt proneness(gp),maturity(ma) suspiciousness(su) and self control(sc). it consists of 40 items. Each item has three options. it is appropriate for use in chronological ages 14 yrs and above. The test is easily administered individually or to groups at one time. Subject provide their answer by opting any one alternative given for each question. The examiner should not indicate to the subject that the scale is anxiety scale. Scoring: scoring for each item is either 1 or 2. Take a example, if your subject gives response b on the first item- we provide 0, if he will give response a, we will provide 2 score. Add the score of page 1 and page 2 domain wise and get total score domain wise. After that convert the raw score into sten score by the help of norm.

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Related Questions

Procedural details:

  1. The continuous EEG of thirteen unique participants were recorded over 12 experimental sessions. One participant took part twice. All participants natively spoke a language that made the [tha] versus [da] distinction.
  2. Stimuli were natural productions of [tha] and [da]. Stimuli were produced by a native female speaker of North American English.
  3. There was only one experimental block. The aspirated [tha] was the repeated standard and unaspirated [da] was the infrequent deviant.
  4. Data from Fp1, Fp2, Cz and Fz were recorded.
  5. Two mastoid channels were recorded and linked in post-processing to create an average mastoid reference.
  6. The participants heard 60 repetitions of the deviant [da] and approximately 420 repetitions of the standard [tha]. This was a ratio of approximately seven standards for every deviant that was presented to the participant.
  7. Offline, the data was epoched, with 100 ms before the presentation of the stimulus and 800 ms after the presentation of the stimulus.

Questions:

Ā 

  1. Consult EEG and speech processing. What kind of experimental design is this? How do you know?Ā 
  2. Given the Procedural details above and course content, provide specific predictions for what you expect? Assume that the participants can contrast [tha] and [da].
    1. Do you predict there to be differences?Ā 
    2. If so, at what time points?Ā 
    3. Which response do you anticipate to be more negative?Ā 
    4. What is the unit of Time measurement on the x-axis in a plot based on the experiment?
  3. Now imagine that the participants were speakers of a language that did not contrast [tha] and [da], e.g., Spanish or Russian. State explicitly your predictions along the same lines as the answer to Question 2.Ā 
  4. According to the experiment/procedures, which predictions are met? Be specific. Make particular reference to the imaginary plot and identify any parts of the ERP responses that might be different between the two conditions.

Ā 

Ā 

    1. Is this in the time window that you expect?Ā Ā 
    2. Is it in the appropriate direction? That is, is the response that is expected to be more positive, indeed more positive and the response that is expected to be more negative, indeed more negative? Also, did you expect to observe a more pronounced peak to the standard or to the deviant?Ā 

Ā 

    1. Can you conclude that the particular design is tapping into phonetic or phonological representations? Make specific reference to the potential levels of sound representations (e.g., acoustic, phonetic, phonological). Explain why you can or cannot conclude that this design taps into a specific level of representation.Ā Ā 

Ā 

Use references:Ā 

  1. Kazanina, N., Phillips, C., & Idsardi, W. (2006).Ā The influence of meaning on the perception of speech sounds.Ā Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,Ā 103(30), 11381-11386.
  2. Phillips, et al. (2000).Ā Auditory cortex accesses phonological categories: an MEG mismatch study.Ā Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,Ā 12(6), 1038-1055.
Which of the following two steps in the paper's approach to speech perception do the authors posit may require an intermediate representation? (Select 2) Group of answer choices Distinctive feature Analysis-by-synthesis Spectro-temporal representations Acoustics of a variable speech signal Ā  Ā  Initial analyses of speech are __, while computations to follow (e.g. lexical activation) are __. Group of answer choices Peri-sylvian, cortical Bilateral, left lateralized Left lateralized, bilateral Cortical, peri-sylvian Ā  Which of the following is NOT true of analysis-by-synthesis? Group of answer choices The correct target is selected by a series of matching procedures It requires minimal sensory information to synthesize hypotheses Hypotheses are generated and tested on external targets None of the above Ā  Ā  Ā  Multi-time resolution processing hypothesizes that auditory input is interpreted over variably sized time windows and durations. Group of answer choices True False Ā  Ā  Ā  Which of the following is NOT true of distinctive features? Group of answer choices None of the above They are abstract They describe articulatory consequences They provide an explanation for why sounds pattern together as natural classes in phonologies Ā  Ā  Ā  Analysis-by-synthesis is different from other models given the nature of its passive processing. Group of answer choices True False Ā  Ā 
Languages appear to organize features and feature inventories to reduce the number of features used to distinguish among both _____ and _____ . Group of answer choices vowels and glides consonants and vowels nasals and liquids sonorants and obstruents Ā  Ā  Ā  According to multi-time resolution processing, the _____ has shorter integration windows and therefore supports temporal properties of the acoustic signal, while the _____ has longer integration windows and therefore supports spectral changes. Group of answer choices Right non-primary, left non-primary Left non-primary, right non-primary Left primary, right primary Right primary, left primary Ā  Ā  Ā  The findings from the neuroimaging research cited in the paper converge on the idea that Broca's area is mainly responsible for speech production and syntactic tasks. Group of answer choices True False Ā  Ā  Ā  Which of the following two areas have been shown to be responsible for transforming acoustic information to phonetic information? (Select 2) Group of answer choices Posterior STG ITG Posterior MTG STS
Which of the following two steps in the paper's approach to speech perception do the authors posit may require an intermediate representation?Ā  Ā  Group of answer choices Distinctive feature Analysis-by-synthesis Spectro-temporal representations Acoustics of a variable speech signal Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Initial analyses of speech are __, while computations to follow (e.g. lexical activation) are __. Ā  Group of answer choices Peri-sylvian, cortical Bilateral, left lateralized Left lateralized, bilateral Cortical, peri-sylvian Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Which of the following is NOT true of analysis-by-synthesis? Ā  Group of answer choices The correct target is selected by a series of matching procedures It requires minimal sensory information to synthesize hypotheses Hypotheses are generated and tested on external targets None of the above Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Multi-time resolution processing hypothesizes that auditory input is interpreted over variably sized time windows and durations Group of answer choices True False Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Which of the following is NOT true of distinctive features? Group of answer choices None of the above They are abstract They describe articulatory consequences They provide an explanation for why sounds pattern together as natural classes in phonologies Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Analysis-by-synthesis is different from other models given the nature of its passive processing. Group of answer choices True False Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā 
Languages appear to organize features and feature inventories to reduce the number of features used to distinguish among both _____ and _____ . Group of answer choices vowels and glides consonants and vowels nasals and liquids sonorants and obstruents Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā 
According to multi-time resolution processing, the _____ has shorter integration windows and therefore supports temporal properties of the acoustic signal, while the _____ has longer integration windows and therefore supports spectral changes. Group of answer choices Right non-primary, left non-primary Left non-primary, right non-primary Left primary, right primary Right primary, left primary Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  The findings from the neuroimaging research cited in the paper converge on the idea that Broca's area is mainly responsible for speech production and syntactic tasks. Group of answer choices True False Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā 
Which of the following two areas have been shown to be responsible for transforming acoustic information to phonetic information? (Select 2) Group of answer choices Posterior STG ITG Posterior MTG STS Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā