BIO 311D Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Gastrointestinal Tract, Gastrovascular Cavity, Salivary Gland
Document Summary
Build larger molecules cavity: parts for ingestion, digestion, and excretion addition of water. Energy acquisition, digestion and transfer: food vacuoles fuse with lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes, fermentation chambers (mutualistic microorganisms digest cellulose) Digestion breaking down food into small molecules to pass through membranes to: chemical digestion enzymatic hydrolysis split bonds in molecules with. Intracellular digestion food particles engulfed by phagocytosis: extracellular breakdown of food particles outside of cells in gastrovascular, alimentary canal complete digestive tract. Herbivores and omnivores longer canals (longer time needed to digest vegetation: mammals salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder (enzymes to process. Peristalsis rhythmic contractions of muscles in wall of canal to push food along. Alimentary tract parts protease/protein-digesting enzyme that cleaves proteins into smaller peptides) Endocrine system helps regulate digestion through release and transport of hormones: neg feedback loop, prompted by stimulants. Body stores initially in liver and muscle cells (glycogen: excess in adipose tissue (space-efficient) fats.
