PSL301H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Phrenic Nerve, Lung Volumes, Ion Channel
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Psl301 lecture 17: respiratory system and breathing part ii. Defected cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (cftr) protein due to mutation in gene. In a normal respiratory mucosa layer, cftr protein channel allows cl- to leave the cell, thus provide a balance between na+ and h2o coming in. In a cystic fibrosis case, less water is present, thus we have a dehydrated fibrosis, cftr unfunctional, more negative charge builds up inside, na+ and h2o compensate the negative cell, causing swelling in local areas. Can lead to decrease in ciliary movements, inflammation, pathogen not removed, infections, damage to epithelial cells, lastly, permanent damage to respiratory system. Increase volume of the lung inside the lung. Brainstem sends signals to phrenic nerve (2 of them) Activation of stretch receptor tells the brain to stop stretching. Sternocleidomastoids and scalene muscles help lift the rib cage up to increase volume) External intercostals also lift the rib cage.
