BIO130H1 Lecture 12: Translation

189 views5 pages

Verified Note

amaranthyellowjacket516

15 Feb 2019

School

UTSG

Department

Biology

Course

BIO130H1

Professor

Melody Neumann, Kenneth Yip

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

BIO130H1 verified notes

12/26View all

BIO130H1 Lecture 11: Transcription Part II continued

BIO130H1 Lecture 12: Translation

BIO130H1 Lecture 15: Phospholipids, Fluid Mosaic Model of Membranes, Steroids & Cell Features

Document Summary

Genetic code: ensuring fidelity: two sequential steps in ensuring fidelity, aminoacyl-trna synthetases, there is one a-trna for each amino acid, atp needed. It attached the aa to the correct trna: base pairing, error correction by aminoacyl trna synthetase, by hydrolytic editing. Recognition of a specific trna by its synthetase: recognition is achieved by: Identifying the trna anticodon nucleotides: recognize the nucleotide sequence of the acceptor stem/arm, reading nucleotide sequences at additional positions on the trna. Incoming trna comes into the a site with anticodon: p site peptidyl site, h-bond anticodon with codon in p site. In cytosol: small subunit base pairing occurs + makes sure everything is aligned correctly, large subunit where the peptide bond is formed + catalyses the reaction. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are free to move round the cell. Quality control: ef-tu (ef1a in euk. ) checks aminoacyl trna. If h-bonding correct, gtp hydrolysed and ef-tu released.

Related Questions

Please please please I reallly need help with the following 5 questions.

Question 1

Which of the following is responsible for directing the prokaryotic ribosome to the +1 start site:

	a.	the 3' UTR
	b.	the AUG codon
	c.	Kozak sequence
	d.	Okasaki fragment
	e.	Shine Dalgarno sequence

Question 2

In translation, mRNAs are READ in the:

	a.	5' to 3' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized amino to the carboxyl ends
	b.	5' to 3' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized carboxyl to the amino ends
	c.	3' to 5' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized carboxyl to the amino ends
	d.	3' to 5' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized amino to the carboxyl ends

Question 3

Which of the following terms describes a tRNA to which an amino acid has been added:

	a.	charged tRNA
	b.	activated tRNA
	c.	stimulated tRNA
	d.	hydrolyzed tRNA

Question 4

The ability of some tRNA to recognize more than one codon in mRNA is explained by which of the following:

	a.	a reading frameshift
	b.	a reading mistake
	c.	Redundancy Theory
	d.	Wobble Hypothesis

Question 5

One essential component in eukaryotic mRNAs recognized by translation initiation factors is the

	a.	TATA box
	b.	AUG initiation codon
	c.	7-methylguanosine cap
	d.	Shine-Dalgarno sequence

blackporcupine6

Given the wobble rules, what is the fewest number of tRNAs necessary to insert the amino acid Leu into a peptide, and what is the anticodon for each tRNA? There are six codons that specify Leu: UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG. Keep in mind all sequences in this question are written 5' to 3'

A) two, with anticodons IAA and GAG

B) two, with anticodons UAA and IAG

C)three, with anticodons IAA, GAG, and UAG

D) three, with anticodons UAA, GAG, and UAG

E)three, with anticodons UAA, IAG, and UAG

A researcher isolates a mutant variant of the bacterial translation factor EF-G. The mutation allows proper folding of the protein and binding of GTP, but does not allow GTP hydrolysis. At what stage would translation be blocked by this mutant protein?

A)Binding of fMet-tRNA^fMet to P site.

B) Second aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the ribosomal A site.

C) Formation of peptide bond between amino acids.

D) Movement of ribosome along the mRNA to allow binding of a new EF-TuâtRNA in A site.

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

BIO130H1 Lecture 12: Translation

BIO130H1 Lecture 11: Transcription Part II continued

BIO130H1 Lecture 12: Translation

BIO130H1 Lecture 15: Phospholipids, Fluid Mosaic Model of Membranes, Steroids & Cell Features

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO130H1 Lecture 6: BIO130 Week 6

BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Release Factor, Peptide, Eef-1

BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: C-Terminus, Start Codon, Stem-Loop

Related Questions