BIO 3170 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, Chromosome

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20 Dec 2018

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Objective: explain role of histone 1 and the core histone tails in formation of 30nm ber. Name & describe a unique type of chromosome that allowed us to better understand the structure of interphase chromosome. Objective: describe the role of the condensation characteristic of mitotic chromosome. Describe the role and mechanism of action of condensins in mitotic chromosome formation. Chromosome of 4. 8 10 bp what"s linear length. Objective: perform calculations using dimensions of dna, human genome and dna packaging. Assume 30mm fiber contain 30 nucleosomes per 50hm of lengthwhat"s degree of compaction relative to the beads on string conf. Chromosome of 4. 8 10 bp how long when adopt bead on string conf. Chromosome of 4. 8 10 bp how many nucleosomes nucleosome compact 43length. 4 8 107bp 200bp nucleosomes l 63cm 3 o 53 cm more compact. Objective: describe dynamic nature of dna packaging & explain why necessary. Polytene chromosome replicaterepeatedly wco dividing replication transcription cellular normal functions 0 possible otherwise.

Related Questions

Consider two genes. Gene A is expressed in the liver and Gene B is expressed in the heart. If you are looking at DNA from the liver, explain how Gene A and Gene B would be different at the chromatin level. Your answer should include: heterochromatin, euchromatin, nucleosome, histone acetyl transferase (HAT), and Histone Deacetyolase (HDAC). Your answer should also include which gene (A or B) is transcriptionally active and which is transcriptionally inactive. (5-7 sentences)

17. Which histone is required to compact the âbeads on a stringâ chromatin into higher-order chromatin structures such as the 30 nm fiber?

18. Certain lysine amino acids (Kâs) in the core histone tail can be acetylated. How would this chemical modification of the nucleosome affect the transcription of a gene?

19. Certain protein/protein complexes do not bind DNA, but regulate processes such as transcription and replication. These proteins can associate with the chromatin by recognizing chemical modifications in the core histone tails of the nucleosome. This process represents the âhistone codeâ. Separately, a protein that folds into its three-dimensional functional structures can have different domains with different functions. Assume that a certain protein that increases transcription does not recognize a specific DNA sequence, but rather associates with acetylated lysine amino acids in the histone tails. What domain in this protein would allow it to associate with these acetylated lysine amino acids?

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-Histone ACETYLATION & DE-ACETYLATION â Histone Acetyl-Transferases (HATs) & Histone De-Acetylases (HDACs) â How do they affect DNA packing? Why?

-Histone Methyl-Transferases (H-MTs) â How do they affect DNA packing? Why? Remember the examples of 1 type of Histone Methylation that is ALWAYS stimulatory and the 1 type of Histone Methylation that is ALWAYS inhibitory.

-What do Nucleosome Remodeling Factors do? What do they need to be active?

-How can miRNAs affect DNA packing? Whatâs their ultimate effect? Whatâs the name of the enzyme that mediates that effect (the effect on DNA packaging)?

-DNA-Methyl transferases â What do they do? Whatâs their effect in DNA packaging?

-Genomic imprinting â What is it? How is it achieved?

-Cis-acting sequences + Core-Promoters + Transcription factors + Co-Activators/Co-Repressors â How do they work together?

-Many transcripts are âfrozenâ at the early stage of transcription (about 50 nclt away from the +1 position)

-The halting of RNA-Pol II is mediated by a set of 2 factors. What are their names?

-What is the factor that phosphorylated NELF & DSIF? What is the role of that factor?

-What regulates the ârecruitmentâ of that factor onto RNA-Pol II?

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BIO 3170 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, Chromosome

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