Consider two genes. Gene A is expressed in the liver and Gene B is expressed in the heart. If you are looking at DNA from the liver, explain how Gene A and Gene B would be different at the chromatin level. Your answer should include: heterochromatin, euchromatin, nucleosome, histone acetyl transferase (HAT), and Histone Deacetyolase (HDAC). Your answer should also include which gene (A or B) is transcriptionally active and which is transcriptionally inactive. (5-7 sentences)

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

9 Jun 2018

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Please, Mark correct answer of the multiple choice questions. Select only one answer, if any other indications are not present in the question. Write 2-3 sentences of explanation, why you selected this particular answer, or answer specific question if indicated.

1) Histone deacylase modulate gene transcription. Which sentence is incorrect?

A. HDAC removes acetyl group from histoneâs lysine

B. HDAC has opposite effect to HAT

C. HDAC condensates chromatin and prevent transcription

D. HDAC decreases ability of histones to bind DNA

Explain:

2) In the absence of ï¢-mercaptoethanol (non-reduced conditions) protein migrate on SDS-PAGE with molecular weight approx. 90 kDa. In the presence of ï¢-mercaptoethanol (reduced conditions) on the gel appeared only one band in molecular weight resembled to 15 kDa. Which sentence described the best structure of this protein?

A. This could be only homohexamer

B. This could be only heterohexamer

C. This could be only homoheptamer

D. This could be homohexamer or heterohexamer

Explain:

In your research you are analyzing the changes in liver gene expression in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. You previously performed microarray analysis on livers of mice given a high-fat diet verses mice on regular diet and found a number of genes that were abnormally expressed in the high-fat diet mice. You perform quantitative RT-PCR on some of these genes and receive the following Ct values:

high-fat diet: Gapdh-10, Cyp8b1-27, Cyp17a1-25, Asns-21, Past1-23.

Regular diet: Gapdh-11, Cyp8b1-25, Cyp17a1-21, Asns-26, Past1-30.

Question a: For each of the genes, complete calculations using the delta-delta Ct method to determine the relative fold change in gene expression for the mice with the high-fat diet. (hint use Gapdh as the reference gene and SHOW YOUW WORK).

Question b: Which of the four genes are up-regulated and which of the four genes are down-regulated in mice with high-fat diets?

Question c: You want to determine exactly where in the liver these genes are normally expressed. Pick one of the genes above and design an experiment to perform in livers of high-fat diet mice and regular diet mice (as a control) to determine the location of the gene expression in the liver. Describe the results you expect to see from this experiment in the two different mouse livers.

Question d: You hypothesize that the change in expression of the gene you picked in part C. Above is a result of differences in epigenetic marks. Briefly describe what changes in epigenetic marks at this gene's locus are expected to occur as a result of the high-fat diet. In your answer address both DNA methylation and histone modifications.

A. True or false. Support your answer

a. RNA differs from DNA in that is single-stranded and cannot base pair.

b. The fetal Î²-globins arose from a gene duplication that occurred 200 million years ago, which gave rise to a different forms of b-gobins expressed in the fetus and in the adult.

c. A total genomic library will be larger than a cDNA library for a given cell.

d. Histone acetyltransferases affect transcription by both altering chromatin structure to allow accessibility to the DNA and by adding acetyl groups to histones that can bind proteins that promote transcription.

e. The proteins in neurons and white blood cells are completely different.

f. Maternally âcoded transcription factors determine segmentation in Drosophila melanogaster larvae.