AH 3121 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Epstein–Barr Virus, Interleukin 5, Dermis
Document Summary
Ppd stands for protein purified derivative (of m. tuberculosis). During the ppd test, effector cd4+ t cells migrate to site of injection and release cytokines, resulting in the infiltration of t cells and monocytes, edema and fibrin deposits and tissue damage. Microbial substances produced in the macrophage lysosome: reactive oxygen species (ros, nitric oxide (no, proteolytic enzymes. Organisms that resist macrophage killing: chronic infection with inflammation, granuloma formation (central area with infected macrophages surrounded by activated. T cells; the macrophages fuse into giant cells. In tuberculosis, large granulomas (of the lung) are cut off from blood supply, and cells in the center die; oxygen deprivation and cytotoxic effects of macrophages results in caseation necrosis. Th2 cd4+ cell functions include stimulation of eosinophil-dominated inflammation and activation of eosinophils and production of ige, which limits the injury caused by macrophage activation. Th2 cells stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of na ve b cells to make ige antibodies.
