1. Which of the following represents the most likely location of sensory receptors that monitor internal body temperature and serum osmolarity?
a. Carotid bodies
b. Hypothalamus
c. Solitary nucleus
d. Nucleus ambiguus
e. Anterolateral medulla
2. A reduction in activity in the fibers ascending in the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus that would contribute to changes in peak IV of the auditory brain response (ABR) would not be related to damage to which of the following structures?
a. Anterior cochlear nucleus
b. Posterior cochlear nucleus
c. Medial superior olivary nucleus
d. Lateral superior olivary nucleus
e. Medial geniculate nucleus
3. The peripheral receptors of the vestibular system lie in five separate organs for each inner ear, including three semicircular canals and two otolith organs. The three semicircular canals are responsible for the transduction of what?
a. Linear accelerations of the head in the horizontal plane
b. Rotational head motion
c. Tilts of the head relative to gravity
d. Static head position
e. Up-down head motion aligned with gravity
4. The receptor cells of the vestibular system are termed hair cells. Signal transduction in the hair cell results from a cascade of several events. Initially, when movement occurs, stereocilia are deflected. For excitatory signal transduction in hair cells, which of the following series of events is correct?
a. The stereocilia are compressed toward the cell surface by acceleration forces, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released
. b. The stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.
c. The stereocilia are rigid and do not move, endolymph motion forces the K+ channels in the stereocilia open, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.
d. The stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia open, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane open, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.
e. The stereocilia are bent perpendicular to the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral membrane open, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.
5. Which of the following innervates the superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles of the eye and is a constrictor of the pupil?
a. Trochlear
b. Abducens
c. Oculomotor
d. Trigeminal
e. Facial
