How can  Dr. Church's de-extinction of mammoths can help restore biodiversity in North America? Could African and Asian elephants thrive in North America and refill the ecological role that mammoths and American mastodons filled?

1. The African elephant (loxodonta Africana) has very sizable ears with large blood vessels flowing through them, as well as long columnar legs, while the wooly mammoth, (mammuthus primigenius), has very small ears and shorter thicker legs than African elephants. Mammoths, however, weigh about twice as much as the largest African elephants. What might account for these significant differences in ear and limb size between these two pachyderms?

a. The African elephant lives in hotter climates while the wooly mammoth lived in colder ones and these differences in limb and ear length reflect adaptation to these habitat differences.

b. The African elephant probably has many more predators and needs these longer legs to escape and the larger ears to hear the danger coming.

c. These are probably differences due to coincidence and are not adaptations at all.

d. There is not enough information to adequately answer this question.

Are my answers to the following correct?

True, False, True, C and A,B,D

1. Species accumuation are used to estimate local, or alpha,diversity.

2. The shape of a species accumulation curve depends, in part,on the order in which sampes are processed.

3. Species accumulation curves are not needed when a completecensus is available.

4. Which of the following statements about beta deiversity isFALSE?

a. Beta diversity measures how quickly species compositionchanges across the landscape

b. There are a variety of different ways researchers havemeasured beta diversity

c. Relatively flat, homogeneous habitats tend to have higherbeta diversity

d. Beta diversity changes depending on the scale at which youmeasure it

5. Paul Ehrlich and E.O. Wilson offered a number of reasons toprotect biodiversity. What were they?

a. Earth cannot "survive" antoher mass extinction event

b. People have an aesthetic and moral obligation to protectEarth's species

c. Earth's biodiversity may provide us with important newresources in the future

d. Loss of biodiversity may reduce ecosystem services that wouldbe difficult to replace

False, False, True, True, Sahara dessert, Secular migration andSweetstakes route

6. Immigration rates decline as the size of an islandincrease.

7. Extinction rates decline as the number of species on anisland increases.

8. Extinction rates increase as the size of an islanddecreases.

9. All else being equal, turnover rates are higher on smallislands than on large ones.

10. When we think of islands, we often think of them as landmasses surrounded by water. Ecologists have suggested a muchbroader definition of an island. Which of the following would NOTbe viewed as an island by an ecologist?

a. Mountain top habitats

b. Urban parks

c. Caves

d. Sahara desert

11. Horses originated in North America and then migrates to Asiaand Europe. As they migrates, they evolved over many generationsinto the horse species we see today. This is an example of whichmigration type?

a. Diffusion

b. Jump dispersal

c. Secular migration

12. Horses went extinct in North American and did not returnuntil they were ferried in boats by European settlers (no landmammal can swim on its own across an ocean). From a horse'sperspective, the ocean barrier is best described as...?

a. Corridor

b. Filter

c. Sweepstakes route

Consider a species of sparrow that originally lived only in Alaska but recently expanded its range through North America, then Central America, and finally South America. How would you expect heterozygosity for most loci to differ among populations in North America, Central America, and South America? Why? Which of those three regions would you expect to have the most genetically similar populations, and which the most different?