Why are people taking atorvastatin warned not to drink large quantities of grapefruit juice?
a. Grapefruit juice inactivates the liver enzyme that metabolizes atorvastatin. The drug would be eliminated too quickly.
b. Grapefruit juice inactivates the liver enzyme that metabolizes atorvastatin. Drug levels can become toxic.
c. Grapefruit juice slows the absorption of atorvastatin. Drug levels would not become therapeutic.
d. Grapefruit juice slows the absorption of atorvastatin. Plasma proteins would not become saturated.
Why are people taking atorvastatin warned not to drink large quantities of grapefruit juice?
a. | Grapefruit juice inactivates the liver enzyme that metabolizes atorvastatin. The drug would be eliminated too quickly. | |
b. | Grapefruit juice inactivates the liver enzyme that metabolizes atorvastatin. Drug levels can become toxic. | |
c. | Grapefruit juice slows the absorption of atorvastatin. Drug levels would not become therapeutic. | |
d. | Grapefruit juice slows the absorption of atorvastatin. Plasma proteins would not become saturated. |
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QUESTION 1
A partial agonist would:
a) Have lower efficacy than a full agonist | ||
b) Would be less effective at stabilizing the active form of a receptor than a full agonist | ||
c) Would have greater intrinsic activity than an antagonist | ||
d) All of the above |
QUESTION 2
The presence of spare receptors means that a drug would:
a) Would have its potency unchanged by low levels of noncompetitive antagonists | ||
b) Still maintain its maximal efficacy at low concentrations of noncompetitive antagonists | ||
c) Achieve its maximal response without occupying all available receptors | ||
d) A and C | ||
e) B and C |
QUESTION 3
A competitive antagonist would:
a) Increase drug potency | ||
b) Decrease drug efficacy | ||
c) Decrease drug potency | ||
d) Increase drug efficacy |
QUESTION 4
pH trapping explains:
a) Why drugs will break down when exposed to acidic conditions | ||
b) Why drugs do not diffuse back and forth between the kidneys and circulation | ||
c) Why drugs are attracted to adipose tissue | ||
d) How drugs are metabolized |
QUESTION 5
An ideal drug would have:
a) High potency, high efficacy, and a large therapeutic index | ||
b) High potency, high efficacy, and a small therapeutic index | ||
c) A high ED50, high efficacy, and a large therapeutic index | ||
d) High intrinsic activity, low affinity, and a low LD50 |
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is most likely to cross the membrane of a cell?
a) A nonpolar compound | ||
b) A polar compound | ||
c) A charged compound | ||
d) A large compound |
QUESTION 7
Which is not a pharmacodynamic process?
a) Absorption | ||
b) Excretion | ||
c) Metabolism | ||
d) Digestion |
QUESTION 8
A drug with a low Vd would:
a) Be less likely to bind to plasma proteins | ||
b) Have a higher rate of clearance | ||
c) Disseminate widely through tissues | ||
d) Remain primarily within the circulation |
QUESTION 9
First-pass metabolism does not occur through which method of drug administration?
a) Intramuscular | ||
b) Intravenous | ||
c) Transdermal | ||
d) Enteral |
QUESTION 10
A drug with greater efficacy would:
a) Have a greater maximal response | ||
b) Require a lower dose to reach its maximal effect | ||
c) Be less toxic | ||
d) All of the above |
Need help with biology questions:
1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug, what would you do to the urine?
A. | Make it more basic | |
B. | None of the above | |
C. | Make it neutral | |
D. | Make it more acidic |
2. G-Protein coupled receptors directly act on which of the following secondary messenger molecules:
A. | cAMP | |
B. | ATP | |
C. | ADP | |
D. | GTP | |
E. | None of the above or more than one of the above |
3. Drug A and Drug B both produce the same level of biological/physiological response. Drug A produces this effect with 100 mg/kg dose. Drug B produces this effect with 50 mg/kg dose. Which of the following is true?:
A. | Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
B. | Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
C. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug A is more potent than Drug B. | |
D. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug B is more potent than Drug A. |
4. The stomach has a ______ pH, whereas the small intestines have a _______ pH. The colon has an approximately ___________ pH.
A. | High; low; neutral | |
B. | Low; high; neutral | |
C. | Low; neutral; neutral | |
D. | None of the above |
5. Which receptor is most likely to reduce norepinephrine levels when activated?
A. | alpha 2 adrenergic | |
B. | alpha 1 adrenergic | |
C. | dopamine D1 receptors |
6. Which of the following statements are FALSE?
A. | If the Vd of a drug is between 60 and 80 L the drug has likely distributed to the total body water of a 200 kg man. | |
B. | In the enterohepatic system the activity of bacteria to remove conjugates from a drug in the gut will decrease the clearance of the drug. | |
C. | Lipid drugs are more likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney from the urine. | |
D. | A weak basic drug (pKa = 6) will be mostly ionized in urine of a pH= 3 and only the non- ionized drug will be eliminated. | |
E. | The major conjugate in Phase 2 metabolism is glucuronide. |
7. Isoproterenol (β-agonist) is a vasodilator that increases HR. What happens to systolic and diastolic pressures upon IV administration of isoproterenol?
A. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
B. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
C. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
D. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
E. | None of the above |
8. If you want to increase the blood concentration of a drug A, you can perform which of the following procedures:
A. | Inhibit Drug A metabolism with Drug B | |
B. | Enhance Drug A reabsorption from renal proximal tubule by changing ionization of Drug A with Drug B | |
C. | Allow competition of Drug B with Drug A for active renal secretion processes | |
D. | Increase the binding of Drug A to serum albumin | |
E. | All of the above |
9. Which of the following describes Phase I metabolism?
A. | Inactive products are always produced in this phase. | |
B. | Large molecules such as glucuronic acid are conjugated to drugs in this phase. | |
C. | This phase may produce active metabolites from prodrugs. | |
D. | This phase only occurs in the liver. |
10. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines?
A. | Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase | |
B. | Dopamine β-hydroxylase | |
C. | Tyrosine dehydroxylase | |
D. | DOPA decarboxylase | |
E. | All of the above |
11. Why would an antibiotic at the same concentration be more active against bacteria in water than in serum or plasma? (Activity is measured in a test tube)
A. | activity of the antibiotic is increased in water. | |
B. | due to drug-protein interaction in serum | |
C. | the antibiotic is more stable in water | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | none of the above |
12. Ion channels are targets for drugs. Which drug class targets Na+ channels?
A. | Benzodiazepines | |
B. | Beta blockers | |
C. | Local anesthetics | |
D. | Antihypertensive drugs (cardiac and smooth muscle) | |
E. | Glibenclimide (diabetic drug) |
13. _________________ not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).
A. | Dopamine | |
B. | Epinephrine | |
C. | Phenylephrine | |
D. | Norepinephrine | |
E. | All of the above are metabolized by COMT. |