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13 Dec 2019

There is much controversy in the news–both scientific and popular–about the use of embryonic stem cells for research. These cells are grown as cell lines in culture, created by taking the inner cell mass from 5-day-old embryos. What is the center of the controversy?

a) the unproven usefulness of stem cells to treat human disorders
b)the realization that these cells are pluripotent rather than totipotent
c) the difference of opinion about whether these embryos are persons
d) the knowledge that these cell lines have reverted spinal cord injuries in mice
e) the fact that the embryos are mostly those unused by in vitro clinics

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Trinidad Tremblay
Trinidad TremblayLv2
17 Dec 2019
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Related questions

Pleaserephrase these sentences while maintaining the samemeaning:

1) Reproductive cloning

• has been used to create Dolly the Sheep and many cloned cows,dogs, cats and horses.
• If the low success rates and issues of safety could be improvedas discussed below, the technology can be used to mass-produceanimals with special qualities, such as animals that are importantagriculturally or are able to produce helpful drugs for humanuse
• SCNT has environmental uses in that it can be used to repopulateendangered species, as has been shown with the wild ox and thegaur
• Some supporters of human reproductive cloning also see it as away of overcoming male infertility, where other methods of assistedreproduction have failed.

2) THERAPEUTIC CLONING :It could help advance embryonic stem cellresearch.

• The stem cells have to be able to be isolated from a source andthen grown in the laboratory
• The stem cells have to be able to be turned into thespecific
cell type needed for treatment

3) DNA CLONING is essential to enable enough copies of a gene orDNA segment to be analysed for human genetic testing to diagnosegenetic conditions and enable predictive or presymptomatic genetictesting for genetic conditions in asymptomatic individuals orprenatally (see Genetics Fact Sheets 21 and 17C).It providesmedical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning andregenerative medicine.
•It provides great potential for discovering treatments and curesto a plethora of diseases including Parkinson’s disease,schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Cancer, spinal cord injuries,diabetes and many more.
•Limbs and organs could be grown in a lab from stem cells and thenused in transplants or to help treat illnesses.
•It will help scientists to learn about human growth and celldevelopment.
•Scientists and doctors will be able to test millions of potentialdrugs and medicine, without the use of animals or humantesters.
An advantage of the usage of adult stem cells to treat disease isthat a patient’s own cells could be used to treat a patient. Riskswould be quite reduced because patients’ bodies would not rejecttheir own cells.
•An advantage of using embryonic stem cells is that they candevelop into any cell types of the body, and may then be moreversatile than adult stem cells.
The Advantages of Cloning
　
The fundamental criterion of medical science must be the defenceand promotion of the integral good of the human person, in keepingwith that unique dignity which is ours by virtue of ourhumanity.

Written Assignment: Biology and Technology in the Real World

Addresses course outcomes 1-4:

recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems

make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations

weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

1. Select one of the topics listed below.

2. Find at least three information sources related to the topic. You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMUC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science.

3. Write a 750-1500 word paper, excluding references and title page. You must read the information sources that you find and summarize the information in your own words, addressing each of the questions and expectations for your chosen topic. Extensive quotes from the article are discouraged. Use APA style for citing references, see https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm

4. Post your assignment to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule.

Topics (select one from the list below or from the expanded list of topics posted on November 16th in the announcements section)

a) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). What is the purpose genetic engineering of crop plants and domestic animals? Briefly explain how GMOs are created. What foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning for each answer.

b) Stem cells. Your friend had a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you decide to write him a letter sharing your knowledge of stem cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Contrast the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons of each. Explain how stems cells are can be used to treat diseases and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Conclude with your own opinion.

c) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society's dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil & gas industry is turning to the use of hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands to extract natural gas and oil respectively. A friend asks you "What's all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?" Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands are used to obtain these fossil fuels. Then, in more detail, describe the environmental problems that may result from these processes and why they are controversial. Issues that may be addressed involves, but are not limited to, water, air and soil pollution, effects on human health, effects on other species and natural ecosystems. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental problems, with your reasoning backed by the references that you studied.

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