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11 Dec 2019

Consider a hypothetical quantitative trait (a weight of some kind) affected by five loci. Assume the following:

-complete dominance at all loci. No epistasis.

-The independent effect of each dominant gene is +10 lb.

-the independent effect of each recessive gene is -4 lb.

For homozygous combos, genotypic values are equal to breeding values.

avg=600 lbs

genotype BV G GCV E P
1) AaBbCcDdEe -15
2) AAbbCCddEE +12

B)Which individual is the heaviest? Explain.

C) Which would produce the heaviest offspring on average? explain

D) now fill in the same table assuming no dominance at any loci.

E) Which individual is the heaviest? explain

F) Which would produce the heaviest offspring? Explain

G) How and why do E and F differ from B and C?

Please include work

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Related questions

QUESTION 1

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?
A.
IAi and IBi
B.
IAIA and IBIB
C.
IAi and IBIB
D.
IAIB and ii
E.
IAIA and IBi

QUESTION 2

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?
A.
Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.
B.
Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.
C.
Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.
D.
Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.
QUESTION 3

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?
A.
independent assortment
B.
heterozygosity
C.
segregation
D.
dominance
QUESTION 4

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?
A.
polygenic inheritance
B.
codominance
C.
multiple alleles
D.
pleiotropy
E.
epistasis
QUESTION 5

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:
A.
a trait
B.
an allele
C.
a chromosome
D.
a locus
E.
a gene
QUESTION 6

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:
A.
genotype
B.
a single characteristic
C.
physiology
D.
mutation
E.
phenotype
QUESTION 7

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?
A.
Chestnut x Cream
B.
Palomino x Cream
C.
Palomino x Chestnut
D.
Palomino x Palomino
QUESTION 8

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?
A.
epistasis
B.
pleiotropy
C.
multiple alleles
D.
codominance
E.
polygenic inheritance
QUESTION 9

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?
A.
multiple alleles
B.
codominance
C.
pleiotropy
D.
epistasis
E.
polygenic inheritance
QUESTION 10

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:
A.
an allele
B.
a locus
C.
a chromosome
D.
a trait
E.
a gene
QUESTION 11

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?
A.
1/4
B.
none
C.
1/2
D.
3/16
E.
1/8
QUESTION 12

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?
A.
Both the dominant and recessive alleles
B.
Recessive allele
C.
Allosteric allele
D.
Lethal allele
E.
Dominant allele
QUESTION 13

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr × AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?
A.
1/256
B.
1/64
C.
1/16
D.
1/32
E.
1/128
QUESTION 14

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.
A.
Homozygous
B.
Dominance
C.
Incomplete dominance
D.
Heterozygous
E.
Genotype

QUESTION 15

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:
A.
an allele
B.
a chromosome
C.
a gene
D.
a locus
E.
a trait
QUESTION 16

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?
A.
codominance
B.
polygenic inheritance
C.
multiple alleles
D.
pleiotropy
E.
epistasis

Problem A. You cross two homozygous parents: RRYY (round yellow) and rryy (wrinkled green) to produce an F1 generation. Round seeds are dominant, yellow seeds are dominant. You cross two F1s to produce the F2 generation. In the F2 generation, you find an individual with round yellow seeds. You do a testcross to find out the genotype of this Γ’Β€ΒœmysteryҀ dominant/dominant phenotype. In the offspring of the cross, you find 1?2 have round yellow seeds and 1?2 have wrinkled yellow seeds.
1. Based on these data what was the genotype of the mystery F2?

Problem B. You carry out a dihybrid cross between a red-flowered rose with long pollen grains (A1A1 LL) and a white-flowered rose with round pollen (A2A2 l l). The flower color gene (A) shows incomplete dominance, and long pollen is completely dominant to round pollen. The genes for these traits are on different chromosomes so assort independently
2. What would be the phenotypes of the F1 generation?
3. What fraction of the F2 generation is expected to have red flowers and long pollen? (As always when traits are independent, what rule can you apply to save time?)

Problem D. In the example of epistasis presented in class, the agouti allele in mice (A) codes for striped hairs and is dominant to the allele for all black hairs (a). A loss-of-function allele for the pigment gene (b) produces no pigment and is recessive to the normal, dominant allele (B). The recessive allele at b masks the effect of the A gene. A dihybrid cross of AABB and aabb is carried out.
5. Name all of the genotypes in the F2 generation that can produce an albino (no pigment) phenotype.

Problem E. A cross is made between homozygous fruit flies that differ for eye color (the st gene) and
body color (the e gene). The F1 double heterozygote is shown below using chromosome notation.
st+ e
--------------------------------------
st e+
st = the recessive allele for scarlet eyes; st+ = the dominant wildtype allele for red eyes e = the recessive allele for ebony body; e+ is the dominant wildtype allele for gray body

6. Are the chromosomes shown in the genotype above in cis or trans configuration?
7. Based on this notation, what were the genotypes and phenotypes of the two parents of the F1? (Think carefully here...)
8. With what phenotype would you cross this F1 to measure recombination frequency?

Short answers please

1. What is the ultimate effect in an XY human with its SRY genemutated?


2. In humans, the allele for brown eye (B) is dominant to blue(b) eye color. If two heterozygous parents produce children, whatis the probability that:

a. The first child has brown eyes, and the next two childrenhave blue eyes?

b. If the couple above eventually produces a total of sixchildren, what is the probability that three of them will be boyswith brown eyes, and three of them girls with blue eyes?


3. In a paternity dispute, a type AB woman claimed that one ofthe four men was the father of her type A child. Which of thefollowing men could be the father of the child on the basis of theevidence below? Give your reasoning.

Man #1 = type A

Man #2 = type B

Man #3 = type O

Man #4 = type AB


4. Several mating were made among all-white cats. The progentfrom these mating showed the following phenotypic frequency:

All-white cats = 12/16

Black cats = 3/16

Gray cats = 1/16

a. Diagram the cross showing the genotypes of the parents, andtheir progeny as given above,

b. Which gene is epistatic? Explain your answer.


5. Mitosis and meiosis differ in that

a. homologues are seperated in prophase of mitosis

b. homologues are seperated in prophase I of meiosis

c. homologues are seperated in prophase II of meiosis

d. sister chromatids are seperated in prophase I of meiosis


6. The phases of meiosis that most resemble those of mitosisare

a. the meiosis I phase

b. the meiosis II phase

c. meiosis I, except for the pairing of homologues

d. meiosis II, except for the pairing of homologues


7. Genetic variability in sexually reproducing organism s arisesfrom

a. crossing over events between sister chromatids

b. crossing over events between nonsister chromatids

c. egg and sperm genetic recombination from distinctindividuals

d. egg and sperm recombination from an individual


8. A female contains an extra X chromosome, resulting fromnondisjunction. When this gamete is fertilized with normal sperm,it would result in an individual of a genotype

a. XXX

b. XXY

c. XYY

d. all of the above

e. only a and b


9. A diploid organism has the genotype AaBbCcDdEe. How manydifferent types of gametes can this individual produce?

a. 5

b. 10

c. 25

d. 32

e. 625


10. Assuming complete dominance, what is the phenotype ratio ofthe offspring of the cross AaBb x aabb?

a. 1:1

b. 3:1

c. 1:2:1

d. 1:1:1:1

e. 9:3:3:1

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