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Mules are considered hybrids, not a separate species. Mules result from the joining of gametes from a female horse (n=32) and a male donkey (n=31).

Define hybrid. What would the diploid (2n) number be for the mule that would be produced in the mating of the female horse and male donkey described above?

Mules are sterile, meaning they cannot produce gametes of their own. In terms of chromosomes, explain why this could be.

For each concept, explain whether it would suggest that a mule is a separate species or not a separate species.

Biological Concept:

Mate-Recognition Species Concept:

Genetic Species Concept:

Morphological Species Concept:

Phylogenetic Species Concept:

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Related questions

In the wild, closely related species will occasionally mate, and produce a viable offspring. This offspring is called a hybrid. A diploid male lion with 44 chromosomes mates with a diploid female tiger with 50 chromosomes and this mating produces a viable liger.

a. How many chromosomes would you expect to see in the body cells of this organism?

b. Would the organism be able to form viable gametes through the process of meiosis?
Explain your answer by thinking carefully about the steps of meiotic cell division.

2 Genetics -Match the terms with the most suitable description.
(Points : 16)
Potential Matches:
1 : recessive
2 : sex-linked
3 : pleiotropy
4 : carrier
5 : dominant
6 : phenotype
7 : polygenic
8 : genotype
Answer
: An allele that can be expressed byan individual that is heterozygous.
: The genetic make-up of anindividual.
: The control of more than onephenotypic character by a single gene.
: The visible physical expression ofan individual's genetic make-up.
: An allele that can only beexpressed when an individual is homozygous.
: A trait controlled by more thanjust a single pair of alleles.
: A trait controlled by a genelocated on either the X or Y chromosomes.
: An individual carrying only oneallele of a recessively inherited disorder.
3. Evolution- Match the terms with the most suitable description.
(Points : 16)
Potential Matches:
1 : hybrid sterility
2 : habitat isolation
3 : hybrid inviability
4 : geographic isolation
5 : mechanical isolation
6 : gamete mortality
7 : temporal isolation
8 : behavioral isolation
Answer
: Because of a single mutation in adevelopmental gene, two closely related species of wasps have aslightly different anatomy of their sex organs making interbreedingimpossible.
: Two species of snakes aremorphologically very similar but breed during differentseasons.
: Two similar species of treehopperslive and feed on two separate species of trees.
: Males of two species of birds usedifferent mating dances to attract their mates.
: Due to a geographic barrier, asmall portion of a population remains isolated and its gene pooldiverges from that of the original population.
: Sperm from a male of one speciesdies in the reproductive tract of the female of a different speciesbefore fertilization can occur
: Mules are a cross between a donkeyand a horse; they are viable, healthy animals, but they cannotreproduce.
: A cross between two species ofsalamanders yields offspring, but they do not survive long enoughto reproduce
1. Biomes - Match the biome with itsdescription.
Potential Matches:
1 : Coniferous forest
2 : Temperate forest
3 : Tundra
4 : Tropical rainforest
5 : Grassland
6 : Wetland
7 : Estuary
8 : Desert
Answer
: Caribou, musk ox and lemmingsare common, along with permafrost, mosses and lichens.
: May be hot or cold, but alwaysvery dry.
: Long snowy winters and shortsummers allow for cone-bearing evergreen trees to flourish.
: Spectacular displays of colorin the fall occur before deciduous trees drop their leaves.
: Plentiful rainfall and warmyear round temperatures produce a habitat home to the greatestdiversity of plants and animals.
: Mostly treeless expanse knownfor large herds of grazing mammals.
: Home to migrating waterfowl,this type of biome is important in reducing flooding and improvingwater quality.
: Transition area between a riverand an ocean with salinity ranging from nearly that of freshwaterto that of the oceans.
2 Genetics - Match the terms with the mostsuitable description.
(Points : 16)
Potential Matches:
1 : recessive
2 : sex-linked
3 : pleiotropy
4 : carrier
5 : dominant
6 : phenotype
7 : polygenic
8 : genotype
Answer
: An allele that can be expressedby an individual that is heterozygous.
: The genetic make-up of anindividual.
: The control of more than onephenotypic character by a single gene.
: The visible physical expressionof an individual's genetic make-up.
: An allele that can only beexpressed when an individual is homozygous.
: A trait controlled by more thanjust a single pair of alleles.
: A trait controlled by a genelocated on either the X or Y chromosomes.
: An individual carrying only oneallele of a recessively inherited disorder.
3. Evolution - Match the terms with the mostsuitable description.
(Points : 16)
Potential Matches:
1 : hybrid sterility
2 : habitat isolation
3 : hybrid inviability
4 : geographic isolation
5 : mechanical isolation
6 : gamete mortality
7 : temporal isolation
8 : behavioral isolation
Answer
: Because of a single mutation ina developmental gene, two closely related species of wasps have aslightly different anatomy of their sex organs making interbreedingimpossible.
: Two species of snakes aremorphologically very similar but breed during differentseasons.
: Two similar species oftreehoppers live and feed on two separate species of trees.
: Males of two species of birdsuse different mating dances to attract their mates.
: Due to a geographic barrier, asmall portion of a population remains isolated and its gene pooldiverges from that of the original population.
: Sperm from a male of onespecies dies in the reproductive tract of the female of a differentspecies before fertilization can occur
: Mules are a cross between adonkey and a horse; they are viable, healthy animals, but theycannot reproduce.
: A cross between two species ofsalamanders yields offspring, but they do not survive long enoughto reproduce

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