BIO 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Lactose Intolerance, Anomer, Carbonyl Group
Document Summary
Group of molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio (ch2o)n. Sucrose is a carbohydrate because hen we link two monosaccharide in a condensation reaction. Oligosaccharides (oligo = few) small chains. Attached to lipids glycolipids: polysaccharides very long sugar chains. Isomeric forms (glucose, fructose, galactose), identical chemical groups arranged differently. Structural isomer identical groups but bonded to different carbons. Stereo (optical) isomer identical groups bonded to same carbons but in different orientations. Sixteen different hexose structures possible, all with formula c6h12o6. Arrangement of hydroxyl groups makes a big difference in biological function. As fuel: glucose: primary fuel source for cellular respiration, galactose much be first converted to glucose before it can be used as fuel. As sweeteners: glucose+ fructose= sucrose (table sugar, glucose+ galactose = lactose (milk sugar) Some people have inability to break down lactose into glucose and galactose therefore they are lactose intolerant.
