BIOL130 Lecture 5: BIOL 130 – Week Two Notes Cont'd (Cellular Chemistry - LEC 5,6)
1 Aug 2016
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Carbohydrates = a group of molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio: aka carbin-hydrates (chos, general formula = (ch2o)n. How to differentiate between oligo saccharides and poly saccharides: small polymers = oligosaccharide, big polymers = polysaccharide, distinction b/w 2 is quite cloudy though. Isomeric forms (glucose, fructose, galactose: identical chemical groups arranged differently. Structural isomer = identical groups but bonded to different carbons. = identical groups bonded to the same carbons but in different orientations. There are 16 different hexose structures possible, all with the formula: Just simply arranging molecules differently completely changes how said molecules can be used by the cell. As fuel: glucose = the main source of chemical energy for cellular respiration, galactose must first be converted to glucose before it can be used as fuel. As sweeteners: glucose + fructose = sucrose (table sugar, glucose + galactose = lactose (milk sugar)
